Gen 10:10 | NETfull | STEP | The primary regions of his kingdom were Babel, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh in the land of Shinar.

Genesis 10:10

10 The primary regions ^{▼▼ Heb “beginning.” E. A. Speiser, Genesis (AB), 67, suggests “mainstays,” citing Jer 49:35 as another text where the Hebrew noun is so used.} of his kingdom were Babel, ^{▼▼ Or “Babylon.”} Erech, ^{▼▼ Erech (ancient Uruk, modern Warka), one of the most ancient civilizations, was located southeast of Babylon.} Akkad, ^{▼▼ Akkad, or ancient Agade, was associated with Sargon and located north of Babylon.} and Calneh ^{▼▼ No such place is known in Shinar (i.e., Babylonia). Therefore some have translated the Hebrew term כַלְנֵה (khalneh) as “all of them,” referring to the three previous names (cf. NRSV).} in the land of Shinar. ^{▼▼ Shinar is another name for Babylonia.}