Hos 12:13-14 | NETfull | STEP | The Lord brought Israel out of Egypt by a prophet, and due to a prophet Israel was preserved alive.

Hosea 12:13-14

13 The Lord brought Israel out of Egypt by a prophet,
and due to a prophet ^{▼▼ Heb “by a prophet” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).} Israel ^{▼▼ Heb “he”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.} was preserved alive. ^{▼▼ Heb “was protected”; NASB “was kept.” The verb שָׁמַר (shamar, “to watch, guard, keep, protect”) is repeated in 12:13–14 HT (12:12–13 ET). This repetition creates parallels between Jacob’s sojourn in Aram and Israel’s sojourn in the wilderness. Jacob “tended = kept” (שָׁמַר) sheep in Aram, and Israel was “preserved = kept” (נִשְׁמָר, nishmar) by Moses in the wilderness.}
14 But Ephraim bitterly ^{▼▼ The noun תַּמְרוּרִים (tamrurim, “bitter things”) functions as an adverbial accusative of manner, modifying the finite verb: “He bitterly provoked Him to anger” (GKC 375 #118.q). The plural form of the noun functions as a plural of intensity: “very bitterly.” For the adverbial function of the accusative, see IBHS 172–73 #10.2.2e.} provoked him to anger;
so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed, ^{▼▼ Heb “He will leave his blood upon him”; NIV “will leave upon him the guilt of his bloodshed.”}
his Lord ^{▼▼ The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).} will repay him for the contempt he has shown. ^{▼▼ Heb “for his contempt” (so NIV); NRSV “for his insults”; NAB “for his outrage.”}