Exodus 23:14-16
34:22; Le 23:5,16,34; De 16:16 the feast.12:14-28,43-49; 13:6,7; 34:18; Le 23:5-8; Nu 9:2-14; 28:16-25De 16:1-8; Jos 5:10,11; 2Ki 23:21-23; Mr 14:12; Lu 22:7; 1Co 5:7,8and none.34:20; Le 23:10; De 16:16; Pr 3:9,10 feast of harvest.22:29; 34:22; Le 23:9-21; Nu 28:26-31; De 16:9-12; Ac 2:1in-gathering.34:22; Le 23:34-44; Nu 29:12-39; De 16:13-15; Ne 8:14-18Zec 14:16-19; Joh 7:2,37Leviticus 23:2
the feasts.God appointed several festivals among the Jews. The Passover was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of the civil year, and lasted seven days. The Pentecost was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinai, fifty days, or seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is derived from the Greek word [Pentekoste,] which signifies the fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, Ex 34:22. The feast of trumpets, celebrated on the first day of the civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclaim its commencement, which was in the month {Tisri,} answering to our September, Le 23:24, 25. The new moons, or first days of every month, were, in some sort, a consequence of the feast of trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the first-fruits of every month they should acknowledge him as the Lord of all their time, and own his providence, by which all times and seasons are ordered. The feast of expiation or atonement was kept on the 10th day of {Tisri} or September: the Hebrews call it Kippur, i.e., pardon or expiation, because it was instituted for the expiation of their sins. The feast of tents or tabernacles was so called, because the Israelites kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of their dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It was celebrated on the 15th day of {Tisri,} and continued eight days: the first and last days are the most solemn. Besides the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of {lots,} or {Purim,} which was celebrated among the Jews of Shushan on the 14th of {Adar,} which answers to our February. The feast of the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes, which is thought to be the feast mentioned in the gospel Joh 10:22, was celebrated in the winter. {Moâdim,} properly means assemblies, convened at an appointed time and place. 4,37; Ex 23:14-17; Isa 1:13,14; 33:20; La 1:4; Ho 2:11; Na 1:15Joh 5:1; Col 2:1proclaimEx 32:5; Nu 10:2,3,10; 2Ki 10:20; 2Ch 30:5; Ps 81:3; Joe 1:14; 2:15Jon 3:5-9Leviticus 23:4
2,37; Ex 23:14Leviticus 23:6
Ex 12:15,16; 13:6,7; 34:18; Nu 28:17,18; De 16:8; Ac 12:3,4Leviticus 23:10
When.14:34and shall.2:12-16; Ex 22:29; 23:16,19; 34:22,26; Nu 15:2,18-21; 28:26De 16:9; Jos 3:15sheaf. or, handful. Heb. omer. the first fruits.This offering was a public acknowledgement of the bounty and goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar one, founded on the same reason. Pr 3:9,10; Eze 44:30; Ro 11:16; 1Co 15:20-23; Jas 1:18; Re 14:4Leviticus 23:34
The fifteenth.Ex 23:16; 34:22; Nu 29:12; De 16:13-15; Ezr 3:4; Ne 8:14Zec 14:16-19; Joh 1:14; 7:2; Heb 11:9,13the feast of tabernacles.This feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites' dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years; and was kept with greater hilarity than any of the other festivals. Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called {chag,} the feast, by way of excellence; and by Philo, [heorton megisten,] the greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed from it the law which he made in Athens, "that the master of every family should after harvest make a feast for his servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with him in tilling his grounds."Numbers 10:10
in the day.29:1; Le 23:24; 25:9,10; 1Ch 15:24,28; 16:42; 2Ch 5:12,13; 7:62Ch 29:26,28; Ezr 3:10; Ne 12:35; Ps 81:3; 89:15; 98:5,6; 150:3Isa 27:13; 55:1-4; Mt 11:28; 1Co 15:52; 1Th 4:16,18; Re 22:17a memorial.9; Ex 28:29; 30:16; Jos 4:7; Ac 10:4; 1Co 11:24-26Numbers 28:16
9:3-5; Ex 12:2-11,18,43-49; Le 23:5-8; De 16:1-8; Eze 45:21-24Mt 26:2,17; Lu 22:7,8; Ac 12:3,4; 1Co 5:7,8Numbers 28:26
in the day.Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:10,15-21; De 16:9-11; Ac 2:1-13; 1Co 15:20Jas 1:18Numbers 29:12
the fifteenth day.This was the feast of Tabernacles, kept in commemoration of their dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years. The first and last days were to be kept as sabbaths, on which there were solemn assemblies; and for seven days sacrifices were offered. On the other festivals, two bullocks sufficed, (ch. 28:11, 19, 27), and on the festival at the beginning of this month, only one was appointed; but, on the first day of this festival, thirteen young bullocks were appointed; and so on each successive day, with the decrease of only one bullock, till on the seventh day, there were only seven, making in all seventy bullocks. The lambs, and the rams also, were in a double proportion to the number sacrificed at any other festival. This was an expensive service; but more easy at this time of the year than any other, as Bishop Patrick observes, because now their barns were full, and their wine-presses overflowed; and their hearts might well be supposed to be more enlarged than at other times, in thankfulness to God for the multitude of his mercies. The Jewish doctors give this reason for the daily diminution of the number of the bullocks: the whole number, say they, was according to the languages of the seventy nations of the world; and the diminution of one every day signified, that there should be a gradual diminution of those nations till all things were brought under the government of the Messiah; in whose days "no sacrifices shall remain, but those of thanksgiving, prayer, and praise." Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:33-43; De 16:13,14; Ne 8:14,18; Eze 45:25Zec 14:16-19; Joh 1:14; Heb 11:9-13
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