Exodus 25:5
26:14shittim wood.26:15,26,37; 27:1; 36:20Exodus 28:9
onyx.20; 39:13; Ge 2:12; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13grave.36; 39:6; 2Ch 2:7; So 8:6; Isa 49:16Exodus 28:17-21
thou shalt.9,11; 39:10-21; Mal 3:17set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in its fillings ofstone. the first row. Eze 28:13; Re 21:19-21a sardius, or, ruby.The Hebrew {odem,} from {adam,} to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as {adam} does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple. Job 28:18; Pr 3:15; 8:11; 20:15; 31:10; La 4:7a topaz.{Pitdah,} is constantly rendered by the LXX. [topazion,] and Vulgate, {topazius,} with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour. Job 28:19; Re 21:20a carbuncle.{Bareketh,} from {barak,} to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet. Isa 54:11,12 emerald.{Nophech,} an emerald, the same with the ancient {smaragdus;} one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture. 39:11; Eze 27:16sapphire.24:10; Job 28:6,16; So 5:14; Eze 1:26; 10:1; Re 4:3diamond.Jer 17:1; Eze 28:13 a ligure.39:12an agate.Isa 54:12 a beryl.Eze 1:16; 10:9; Da 10:6; Re 21:20an onyx. See on ver.9a jasper.Re 4:3; 21:11,18-20inclosings. Heb. fillings.13 twelve.9-11according to the twelve.1Ki 18:31; Lu 22:30; Jas 1:1; Re 7:4-8; 21:12Exodus 39:6-14
onyx stones.The meaning of the word {shoham} is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name [(onyx).] It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx. 25:7; 28:9; 35:9; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13ouches.{Mishbetzoth,} strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from {shavatz,} to straiten, enclose. a memorial.28:12,29; Jos 4:7; Ne 2:20; Mr 14:9,22-25 25:7; 28:4,13-29; Le 8:8,9; Ps 89:28; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14 9 the first row.28:16,17,21; Re 21:19-21sardius. or, ruby. a diamond.28:18; Eze 28:13The word {yahalom} may mean the diamond, from {halam,} to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metal-line particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections. a ligure.{Leshem,} the ligure, the same as the jacinth, or hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. Theophrastus and Pliny say it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire. an agate.{Shevo,} the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper. horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, etc.; joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects. an amethyst.{Achlamah,} an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour. a beryl.Tarshish, a pellucid gem, of a sea or blueish green colour. a jasper.{Yaspeh,} the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc. Re 21:12
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