Exo 28, Exo 39, Lev 8:7-8, 13, Num 4:5-14 | TSK | STEP | Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office. Holy garments are appointed. The ephod and girdle. The breast-plate with twelve precious stones. The Urim and Thummim. The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells. The plate of the mitre. The embroidered coat. The garments for Aaron's sons. take. among. Nadab.

a breastplate.{Choshen,} in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob.

15; 39:8-21; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14; 1Th 5:8; Re 9:17

ephod.The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves.

6-14; 39:2-5,21,22; Le 8:7,8; 1Sa 2:18; 22:18; 23:6; 30:7; 2Sa 6:14

a robe.The word {meil,} from {âlah,} to ascend, go up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout.

broidered.

a mitre.

a girdle.

gold.

linen.

26:1

39:4

curious. or, embroidered.

27,28; 29:5; 39:20,21; Le 8:7; Isa 11:5; 1Pe 1:13; Re 1:13

onyx.

20; 39:13; Ge 2:12; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13

grave.

36; 39:6; 2Ch 2:7; So 8:6; Isa 49:16

according to their birth.

1:1-4; Ge 43:33

engravings of a signet.

21,36; Jer 22:24; Zec 3:9; Eph 1:13; 4:30; 2Ti 2:19; Re 7:2

ounces of gold.

13,14,25; 39:6,13,18

the shoulders.

7; Ps 89:19; Isa 9:6; 12:2; Zec 6:13,14; Heb 7:25-28

Aaron shall bear.

29; 39:6,7

for a memorial.

12:14; 13:9; 39:7; Ge 9:12-17; Le 24:7; Nu 16:40; 31:54; Jos 4:7

Isa 62:6; Zec 6:14; Lu 1:54,72; Ac 10:4

chains of.

24; 39:15

of wreathen.

22-25; 39:17,18; 1Ki 7:17; 2Ki 25:17; 2Ch 4:12,13

the breastplate.

4,30; 39:8; Le 8:8

after.

6; 26:1

thou shalt.

9,11; 39:10-21; Mal 3:17

set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in its fillings ofstone. the first row.

Eze 28:13; Re 21:19-21

a sardius, or, ruby.The Hebrew {odem,} from {adam,} to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as {adam} does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple.

Job 28:18; Pr 3:15; 8:11; 20:15; 31:10; La 4:7

a topaz.{Pitdah,} is constantly rendered by the LXX. [topazion,] and Vulgate, {topazius,} with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour.

Job 28:19; Re 21:20

a carbuncle.{Bareketh,} from {barak,} to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet.

Isa 54:11,12

emerald.{Nophech,} an emerald, the same with the ancient {smaragdus;} one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture.

39:11; Eze 27:16

sapphire.

24:10; Job 28:6,16; So 5:14; Eze 1:26; 10:1; Re 4:3

diamond.

Jer 17:1; Eze 28:13

a ligure.

39:12

an agate.

Isa 54:12

a beryl.

Eze 1:16; 10:9; Da 10:6; Re 21:20

an onyx. See on ver.

a jasper.

Re 4:3; 21:11,18-20

inclosings. Heb. fillings.

twelve.

9-11

according to the twelve.

1Ki 18:31; Lu 22:30; Jas 1:1; Re 7:4-8; 21:12

25:11-15

wreathen chains.

14; 39:15

on the shoulder pieces.

of the ephod.

39:4

the curious girdle.

a lace.

31,37; 39:30,31; Nu 15:38

in the.

15,30

upon.

12; Jer 30:21; Ro 10:1

So 8:6; Isa 49:15,16

the Urim and Thummim.[\^Mymth taw Myrwa ta\^] the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX. [\~dhlwsiv kai alhyeia\~,] manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, {doctrina et veritas,} doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, 1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exod. 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. 2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned.

Le 8:8; Nu 27:21; De 33:8; Jud 1:1; 20:18,23,27,28; 1Sa 23:9-12

1Sa 28:6; 30:7,8; Ezr 2:63; Ne 7:65

bear the judgment.

Zec 6:13

upon his heart.

2Co 6:11,12; 7:3; 12:15; Php 1:7,8; Heb 2:17; 4:15; 9:12,24

4,28; 39:22; Le 8:7

as it were.

39:28; 2Ch 26:14; Ne 4:16; Job 41:26

that it be not rent.

Joh 19:23,24; Eph 4:3-16

And.

39:24-26

hem. or, skirts. pomegranates.

1Ki 7:18; 2Ki 25:17

bells.

Zec 14:20

Ps 89:15; So 2:3; 4:3,13; 6:7,11; 8:2; Joh 15:4-8,16; Col 1:5,6,10

goeth in.

Le 16:2; Heb 9:12

a plate of pure gold.The word {tzitz,} which we translate a plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX. [petalon,] a leaf, and is called {nezer,} a crown in ch. 29:6 and [diadema,] a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, ch. 28:24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower which the Greeks call [kyanos.] It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers.

grave upon it.

9,11

HOLINESS.

39:30; Le 8:9; 10:3; 19:2; Ps 93:5; Eze 43:12; Zec 14:20; Heb 7:26

Heb 12:14; 1Pe 1:15,16; 2:9; Re 21:27

blue.

28,31; Nu 15:38

the mitre it.

4; 29:6; 39:30,31; Le 8:9; Zec 3:5

bear the iniquity.

43; Le 10:17; 22:9; Nu 18:1; Isa 53:6,11,12; Eze 4:4-6; Joh 1:29

2Co 5:21; Heb 9:28; 1Pe 2:24; 3:18

accepted.

Le 1:4; 22:27; 23:11; Isa 56:7; 60:7; Eph 1:6; 1Pe 2:5

embroider.

the girdle.

needlework.

Ps 45:14

Aaron's.

4; 39:27,29,41; Le 8:13; Eze 44:17,18

bonnets.

29:9

glory.

2; 1Ti 2:9,10; 6:9-11; Tit 2:7,10; 1Pe 3:3,4; 5:5

anoint them.

29:7; 30:23-30; 40:15; Le 10:7; Isa 10:27; 61:1; Joh 3:34

2Co 1:21,22; 1Jo 2:20,27

and consecrate them. Heb. fill their hand.

29:9,24,35; Le 8:1-36; Nu 3:3; Eze 43:26; Heb 5:4; 7:28

minister.

1,4

breeches.

20:26; 39:28; Le 6:10; 16:4; Eze 44:18; Re 3:18

their nakedness. Heb. flesh of their nakedness. reach.Heb. be.

unto the altar.

20:26

bear not iniquity.

Le 5:1,17; 20:19,20; 22:9; Nu 9:13; 18:22; Mt 22:12,13

a statute.

27:21; Le 17:7

Exodus 39

1 The cloths of service and holy garments.

2 The ephod.

8 The breast-plate.

22 The robe of the ephod.

27 The coats, mitre, and girdle of fine linen.

30 The plate of the holy crown.

32 All is finished, reviewed, and approved by Moses.

the blue.

25:4; 26:1; 35:23

cloths.

31:10; 35:19

holy place.

Ps 93:5; Eze 43:12; Heb 9:12,25

the holy.

28:2-4; 31:10; Eze 42:14

25:7; 28:6-12; Le 8:7

cunning work.

26:1; 36:8

curious.

28:8; 29:5; Le 8:7; Isa 11:5; Re 1:13

as the Lord.

Mt 28:20; 1Co 11:23

onyx stones.The meaning of the word {shoham} is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name [(onyx).] It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx.

25:7; 28:9; 35:9; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13

ouches.{Mishbetzoth,} strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from {shavatz,} to straiten, enclose.

a memorial.

28:12,29; Jos 4:7; Ne 2:20; Mr 14:9,22-25

25:7; 28:4,13-29; Le 8:8,9; Ps 89:28; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14

the first row.

28:16,17,21; Re 21:19-21

sardius. or, ruby.

a diamond.

28:18; Eze 28:13The word {yahalom} may mean the diamond, from {halam,} to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metal-line particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections.

a ligure.{Leshem,} the ligure, the same as the jacinth, or hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. Theophrastus and Pliny say it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire.

an agate.{Shevo,} the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper. horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, etc.; joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects.

an amethyst.{Achlamah,} an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour.

a beryl.Tarshish, a pellucid gem, of a sea or blueish green colour.

a jasper.{Yaspeh,} the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc.

Re 21:12

chains at the ends.

28:14; 2Ch 3:5; So 1:10; Joh 10:28; 17:12; 1Pe 1:5; Jude 1:1

gold rings.

25:12

two wreathen.

28:14; So 1:10

ephod.

coupling.

26:3

as the Lord.

Mt 16:24; 1Co 1:25,27

28:31-35

they made.

28:33

pomegranates.

Ga 5:22

bells.

28:33,34; Ps 89:15

the pomegranates.

So 4:13

pomegranate.

28:34; So 4:3,13; 6:7

hem.

De 22:12; Mt 9:20

coats.

28:39-42; Le 8:13; Isa 61:10; Eze 44:18; Ro 3:22; 13:14; Ga 3:27

Php 2:6-8; 1Pe 1:13

fine.The word {Shesh} seems rather to mean cotton, than either fine linen or silk; called also {butz,} and by the Greeks, [byssos,] and Romans, {byssus.}

a mitre.

28:4,39; Eze 44:18

linen.

28:42

breeches.{Michnasim,} from {kanas,} to wrap round.

a girdle.{Avnet,} a belt or girdle, of the same kind as the eastern sash, which confines the loose garments about the waist; and in which their long skirts are tucked up when at work or on a journey.

28:39

the plate.

26:36; 28:36-39; 1Co 1:30; 2Co 5:21; Heb 1:3; 7:26

HOLINESS.

28:36; Zec 14:20; Tit 2:14; Re 5:10

all the.

33,42; 25:1-31:18; 35:1-40:38; Le 8:1-9:24; Nu 3:25,26,31,36,37

Nu 4:4-32

according.

42,43; 25:40; 40:32; De 12:32; 1Sa 15:22; 1Ch 28:19; Mt 28:20

Heb 3:2; 8:5

the tent.

25:1-30:38; 31:7-11; 35:11-19; 36:1-40:38

the mercy seat.

25:17; Heb 9:5,8

the shewbread.

25:30; 1Ki 7:48

even with.

27:21; Mt 5:14-16; Php 2:15

sweet incense. Heb. the incense of sweet spice.

25:6; 30:7; 31:11; 35:8; 37:29; 2Ch 2:4

38:30; 1Ki 8:64

cloths.

1; 31:10

the holy.

28:2

according.

32; 23:21,22; 25:1-31:18; De 12:32; Mt 28:20; 2Ti 2:15; 4:7

made.

35:10

did look.

40:25; Ge 1:31; Ps 104:31

blessed them.

Ge 14:19; Le 9:22,23; Nu 6:23-27; Jos 22:6; 2Sa 6:18; 1Ki 8:14

1Ch 16:2; 2Ch 6:3; 30:27; Ne 11:2; Ps 19:11

Leviticus 8:7-8

he put.

Ex 28:4; 29:5; 39:1-7; Isa 61:3,10; Ro 3:22; 13:14; Ga 3:27

the ephod.The {ephod} seems to have been a garment worn by persons of distinction of various characters (2 Sa 6:4); the description of which in the book of Exodus (ch. 28:6, etc.) relates only to its materials. As to its shape, the LXX. calls it [epómis,] which signifies that it was worn on the shoulders. So also Josephus, who says it was a cubit long. St. Jerome compares it with the Roman {caracalla,} which was a sort of short cloak, only that it had a head or hood, which the ephod had not.

the breast plate.

Ex 28:15-29; 39:8-21; So 8:6; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14; 1Th 5:8

the Urim.

Ex 28:30; Ezr 2:63

Leviticus 8:13

Moses.

Ex 28:40,41; 29:8,9; 40:14,15; Ps 132:9; Isa 61:6,10; 1Pe 2:5,9

Re 1:6; 5:10

coats.The {kethoneth,} or coat, was made of linen; but the form of it is no where described in Scripture, except in the visionary appearance of Christ to St. John, in the form and habit of a priest (Re 1:13); where he is said to be [endedumenos podere,] "clothed with a garment down to the feet," which perfectly agrees with the description the Jewish writers give of it; who also say, that it had sleeves which came down to the wrist, and was tied about the neck; so that it was not unlike a long shirt. It was common to all the priests; but the tunic of the high priest was made of finer linen, or wove in a more curious manner. (Ex 28:4.)

put. Heb. bound. bonnets.The {migbaôth}, or bonnets, are described by Josephus as being like helmets of linen, one wreath being plaited and folded over another and a thin cap, suited to its shape, put over all, to prevent its unfolding.

Numbers 4:5-14

And when.

2:16,17; 10:14

Aaron shall come.The law prohibiting any person, except the high priest on one day in the year, to enter into the most holy place, must have admitted an exception while the Israelites were in the wilderness: that exception, therefore, is here expressly made; and the directions given respecting it must be religiously observed, or the service could not be safely performed. While the cloud rested on the tabernacle, the general rule was in force; but when it was removed, then the priests might enter to prepare the sacred vessels for removal.

15; 3:27-32

they shall.

Ex 26:31-33; 36:35; 40:3; Isa 25:7; Mt 27:51; Heb 9:3; 10:20

and cover.

Ex 25:10-22; 37:1-9; 2Sa 6:2-9

badgers' skins.This was not the covering of badgers' skins made for the tabernacle, which was carried by the Gershonites, (ver. 24, 25,) but one made for the purpose of concealing and sheltering the ark when it was to be carried.

a cloth.

7,8,11-13; Ex 35:19; 39:1,41

and shall put.{Wesamoo baddaiv,} rather, "and adjust the staves thereof;" i.e., dispose them rightly under the covering, that they might be laid on their shoulders: for the staves were never taken out of the rings.

the staves.

Ex 25:13-15; 1Ki 8:7,8

the table.

Ex 25:23-30; 37:10-16; Le 24:5-8

cover withal. or, pour out withal. the continual.The Israelites, without doubt, were able to procure corn enough from the adjacent countries, even when in the wilderness, to make the shewbread, and to present the daily meat offerings.

6,7,9,11-13

Ex 25:31-39; 37:17-24; Ps 119:105; Re 1:20; 2:1

6,12

Ex 30:1-19; 37:25-28; 39:38; 40:5,26,27

7,9; 3:8; Ex 25:9; 31:10; 2Ki 25:14,15; 1Ch 9:29; 2Ch 4:11,16,19,22 The embers of the sacred fire seem to have been removed in the grate, which was carried apart from the brazen altar; both being covered from view by purple cloths.

6-9,11,12; Ex 27:3-5; 39:1,41; Le 6:12,13

all the vessels thereof.

Ex 38:1-7; 2Ch 4:19

basons. or, bowls.