Exo 7-11, Deu 4:34, Neh 9:10-11, Psa 78:43-51, 135:8-9, Isa 63:11-12 | TSK | STEP | Moses and Aaron are encouraged to go again to Pharaoh. Their age. Aaron's rod is turned into a serpent. The sorcerers do the like; but their rods are swallowed up by Aaron's. Pharaoh's heart is hardened. God's message to Pharaoh. The river is turned into blood; and the consequent distress of the Egyptians. See. a god.

sorcerers.{Mechashshaphim,} probably from the Arabic {kashapha,} to discover, reveal, signifies diviners, or those who pretended to reveal futurity, to discover things lost, or to find hidden treasures.

they also.

22; 8:7,18; De 13:1-3; Mt 24:24; Ga 3:1; Eph 4:14; 2Th 2:9

Re 13:11-15

enchantments.By the word {lahatim,} from {lahat,} to burn, may be meant such incantations as required lustral fires, fumigations, etc.

but Aaron's.

8:18,19; 9:11; Ac 8:9-13; 13:8-11; 19:19,20; 1Jo 4:4

4; 4:21; 8:15; 10:1,20,27; 14:17; De 2:30; Zec 7:11,12; Ro 1:28; 2:5

Heb 3:7,8,13

Pharaoh's.

8:15; 10:1,20,27; Zec 7:12

he refuseth.

4:23; 8:2; 9:2; 10:4; Isa 1:20; Jer 8:5; 9:6; Heb 12:25

he goeth.

2:5; 8:20; Eze 29:3

the rod.

10; 4:2-4

The Lord.

3:18; 5:3; 9:1,13; 10:3; 1Sa 4:6-9

Let my.

8:1,20; 13:15; 14:5; Isa 45:13; Jer 50:33; Ac 4:21-23

serve.

3:12,18; 5:1-3; 9:1

thou shalt.

5; 5:2; 6:7; 1Sa 17:46,47; 1Ki 20:28; 2Ki 19:19; Ps 9:16; 83:18

Eze 29:9; 30:8,19; 32:15; 38:23; 39:28; Da 4:17,32,37; 5:21,23

and they.

1:22; 4:9; Ps 78:44; 105:29; Re 8:8; 16:3-6

the fish.

Egyptians."The water of Egypt," says Abbé Mascrier, "is so delicious, that one would not wish the heat to be less, or to be delivered from the sensation of thirst. The Turks find it so exquisite, that they excite themselves to drink of it by eating salt." "A person," adds Mr. Harmer, "who never before heard of the deliciousness of the Nile water, and of the large quantities which on that account are drunk of it, will, I am sure, find an energy in those words of Moses to Pharaoh, the Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river, which he never did before."

shall loathe.

24; Nu 11:20; 21:5

stretch.

8:5,6,16; 9:22,23,33; 10:12,21; 14:21,26

their pools. Heb. gathering of their waters.

Ge 1:10

he lifted.

17:5,6,9-12; Nu 20:8-12

all the waters.As the Nile was held sacred by the Egyptians, as well as the animals it contained, to which they annually sacrificed a girl, or as others say, both a boy and girl, God might have designed this plague as a punishment for such idolatry and cruelty; and to shew them the baseness of those elements which they reverenced, and the insufficiency of the gods in which they trusted. All the punishments brought upon them bore a strict analogy to their crimes.

17,18; Ps 78:44; 105:29; Joh 2:9-11; Re 8:8

18; Re 8:9The first miracle of Christ turned water into wine, the first plague upon Egypt turned all their water into blood.

magicians.

11; 8:7,8; Jer 27:18; 2Ti 3:8

and Pharaoh's.

as the.

neither.

9:21; De 32:46; 1Sa 4:20; *marg:

Job 7:17; Ps 62:10; Pr 22:17; 24:32; *marg:

Pr 29:1; Isa 26:11; Jer 5:3; 36:24; Eze 40:4; Am 4:7-12; Hab 1:5

Mal 2:2

for they.

18-21

8:9,10; 10:23; 2Sa 24:13

Exodus 8

1 Frogs are sent.

8 Pharaoh sues to Moses, who by prayer removes them away.

16 The dust is turned into lice, which the magicians could not do.

20 The plague of flies.

25 Pharaoh inclines to let the people go, but yet is hardened.

Go.

Jer 1:17-19; 15:19-21; Eze 2:6,7

Let my.

3:12,18; 5:1; 7:16

refuse.

7:14; 9:2

frogs.The Hebrew {tzephardêim} is evidently the same with the Arabic {zafda,} Chaldaic {oordeânaya,} and Syriac {oordeai,} all of which denote frogs, as almost all interpreters, both ancient and modern, agree to render it; Bochart conceives, from {tzifa,} a bank, and {radâ,} mud, because of delighting in muddy and marshy places.

Ps 78:45; 105:30; Re 16:13,14

kneading troughs. or, dough.

12:34

Ps 107:40; Isa 19:11,22; 23:9; Da 4:37; Ac 12:22,23

7:19

and the frogs.Whether the frog among the Egyptians was an object of reverence or abhorrence is uncertain. It might have been both at the same time, as many objects are known to have been among particular nations; for proof of which see the very learned Jacob Bryant, on the Plagues of Egypt, pp. 31-34.

Le 11:12; Ps 78:45; 105:30; Re 16:13

7:11,22; De 13:1-3; Mt 24:24; 2Th 2:9-11; 2Ti 3:8; Re 13:14

Intreat.

5:2; 9:28; 10:17; Nu 21:7; 1Sa 12:19; 1Ki 13:6; Ac 8:24

and I will.

25-28; 10:8-11,24-27; 12:31,32; 14:5; Ps 66:3; *marg:

Ps 78:34-36; Jer 34:8-16

Glory over me. or, Have this honour over me.

Jud 7:2; 1Ki 18:25; Isa 10:15

when. or, against when. to destroy. Heb. to cut of.

To-morrow. or, against to-morrow.

Pr 27:1; Jas 4:14

there is none.

9:14,29; 15:11; De 32:31; 33:26; 2Sa 7:22; 1Ch 17:20; Ps 9:16

Ps 83:18; 86:8; 89:6-8; Isa 40:25; 46:9; Jer 10:6,7

3,9

8,30; 9:33; 10:18; 32:11; 1Sa 12:23; Eze 36:37; Jas 5:16-18

De 34:10-12

and the.

24; 7:21; Isa 34:2; Eze 39:11; Joe 2:20

saw.

14:5; Ec 8:11; Isa 26:10; Jer 34:7-11; Ho 6:4

he hardened.

4:21; 7:4,13,14; Pr 29:1; Zec 7:11,12; Heb 3:8,15; Re 16:9

Stretch.

5,17

lice.The word {kinnim} is rendered by the LXX. [skiphes, skipes,] or [sknéphes,] and by the Vulgate {sciniphes,} Gnats; and Mr. Harmer supposes he has found out the true meaning in the word {tarrentes,} a species of worm. Bochart, however, seems to have proved that lice, and not gnats, are meant; because, 1. they sprang from the dust, and not from the waters; 2. they were on both man and beast, which cannot be said of gnats; 3. their name is derived from {koon,} to make firm, fix, establish, which cannot agree with gnats, flies, etc., which are ever changing place, and almost constantly on the wing; 4. the term {kinnah} is used by the Talmudists to express the louse. This insect must have been a very dreadful and afflicting plague to the Egyptians, and especially to the priests, who were obliged to shave all their hair off, and to wear a single linen tunic, to prevent vermin harbouring about them.

lice in man.

Ps 105:31; Isa 23:9; Ac 12:23

the magicians.

7:11

they could.

9:11; Ge 41:8; Isa 19:12; 47:12,13; Da 2:10,11; 4:7; 5:8; Lu 10:18

2Ti 3:8,9

This is.

1Sa 6:3,9; Ps 8:3; Da 2:10,11,19; Mt 12:28; Lu 11:20; Joh 11:47

Ac 4:16

and Pharaoh's.

lo.

7:15

Let my.

swarms. or, a mixture of noisome beasts, etc.The word {arov} is rendered [kunomwea,] kunomuia,] the dog-fly, by the LXX. (who are followed by the learned Bochart,) which must have been particularly hateful to the Egyptians, because they held dogs in the highest veneration, under which form they worshipped Anubis.

Ps 78:45; 105:31; Isa 7:18

sever.

9:4,6,26; 10:23; 11:6,7; 12:13; Mal 3:18

know.

10; 7:17; Eze 30:19

midst.

Ps 74:12; 110:2

a division. Heb. a redemption.

to-morrow. or, by to-morrow.

there.

21; Ps 78:45; 105:31

the land.How intolerable a plague of flies can prove, is evident from the fact that whole districts have been laid waste by them. The inhabitants have been forced to quit their cities, not being able to stand against the flies and gnats with which they were pestered. Hence different people had deities whose office it was to defend them against flies. Among these may be reckoned Baalzebub, the fly-god of Ekron; Hercules, {muscarum abactor,} Hercules the expeller of flies; and hence Jupiter had the titles of [apomuios, muiagros, muiochoros,] because he was supposed to expel flies, and especially clear his temples of these insects. See Bryant.

corrupted. or destroyed.

8; 9:27; 10:16; 12:31; Re 3:9

It is not.

3:18; 2Co 6:14-17

we shall.

Ge 43:32; 46:34; De 7:25,26; 12:30,31; Ezr 9:1; Isa 44:19

the abomination. i.e.,The animals which they worshipped; for an account of which, see note on ch. 9:3.

1Ki 11:5-7; 2Ki 23:13

three days'.

3:18; 5:1

as he shall.

3:12; 10:26; 34:11; Le 10:1; Mt 28:20

I will.

Ho 10:2

intreat.

8,29; 9:28; 10:17; 1Ki 13:6; Ezr 6:10; Ec 6:10; Ac 8:24

to-morrow.

deal.

8,15; Ps 66:3; *marg:

Ps 78:34-37; Jer 42:20,21; Ac 5:3,4; Ga 6:7

entreated.

12; 9:33; Jas 5:16

15; 4:21; 7:13,14; Isa 63:17; Ac 28:26,27; Ro 2:5; Jas 1:13,14

Exodus 9

1 The murrain of beasts.

8 The plague of boils and blains.

13 The message of Moses about the hail.

22 The plague of hail.

27 Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened.

13; 3:18; 4:22,23; 5:1; 8:1,20; 10:3

4:23; 8:2; 10:4; Le 26:14-16,23,24,27,28; Ps 7:11,12; 68:21

Isa 1:20; Ro 2:8; Re 2:21,22; 16:9

the hand.

7:4; 8:19; 1Sa 5:6-11; 6:9; Ac 13:11

murrain.We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, {Apis} and {Mnevis} are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian {nomes.} By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant, pp. 87-93.

5:3

8:22; 10:23; 12:13; Isa 65:13,14; Mal 3:18

a set time.

18; 8:23; 10:4; Nu 16:5; Job 24:1; Ec 3:1-11; Jer 28:16,17

Mt 27:63,64

19,25; Ps 78:48,50

the heart.

12; 7:14; 8:32; Job 9:4; Pr 29:1; Isa 48:4; Da 5:20; Ro 9:18

Take to.This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See Bryant, pp. 93-106.

8:16

a boil.

Le 13:18-20; De 28:27,35; Job 2:7; Re 16:2

a boil.

De 28:27

7:11,12; 8:18,19; Isa 47:12-14; 2Ti 3:8,9; Re 16:2

4:21; 7:13,14; Ps 81:11,12; Re 16:10,11Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.

1; 7:15; 8:20

send all.

Le 26:18,21,28; De 28:15-17,59-61; 29:20-22; 32:39-42; 1Sa 4:8

1Ki 8:38; Jer 19:8; Mic 6:13; Re 18:8; 22:18

that thou.

8:10

stretch.

3,6,16; 3:20

that.

11:4-6; 12:29,30

cut off.

14:28; 1Ki 13:34; Pr 2:22

deed.

14:17; Ps 83:17,18; Pr 16:4; Ro 9:17,22; 1Pe 2:8,19; Jude 1:4

raised thee up. Heb. made thee stand. for to.

14:4; 15:11-16; 18:11; Jos 2:10,11; 1Sa 4:8; Ps 136:10-15

that my.

1Ch 16:24; Ps 64:9; 83:17,18; Isa 63:12-14; Mal 1:11,14; Ro 9:17

Job 9:4; 15:25,26; 40:9; Isa 10:15; 26:11; 37:23,24,29; 45:9

Ac 12:23; 1Co 10:22

to-morrow.

1Ki 19:2; 20:6; 2Ki 7:1,18

I will cause.This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely any thing could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117.

22-25; Ps 83:15

and gather.

Hab 3:2

the hail.

Pr 16:16; 22:3,23; Jon 3:5,6; Mr 13:14-16; Heb 11:7

regarded not. Heb. set not his heart unto.

7:23; 1Sa 4:20; *marg:

1Ch 22:19; Job 7:17; 34:14; Pr 24:32; *marg:

Eze 40:4; Da 10:12

7:19; 8:5,16; Re 16:21

the Lord sent.

19:16; 20:18; 1Sa 12:17,18; Job 37:1-5; Ps 29:3; 77:18

Re 16:18,21

and hail.

Jos 10:11; Job 38:22,23; Ps 18:13; 78:47,48; 105:32,33; 148:8

Isa 30:30; Eze 38:22; Re 8:7

none like.

23; 10:6; Mt 24:21

smote every.

Ps 105:33

8:22-32; 9:4,6; 10:23; 11:7; 12:13; Isa 32:18,19

I have.

10:16; Nu 22:34; 1Sa 15:24,30; 26:21; Mt 27:4

the Lord.

2Ch 12:6; Ps 9:16; 129:4; 145:17; La 1:18; Da 9:14; Ro 2:5; 3:19

Intreat.

8:8,28; 10:17; Ac 8:24

mighty thunderings. Heb. voices of God.

Ps 29:3,4

ye shall.

11:1

spread.

33; 1Ki 8:22,38; 2Ch 6:12,13; Ezr 9:5; Job 11:13; Ps 143:6

Isa 1:15

that the earth.

De 10:14; Ps 24:1,2; 50:12; 95:4,5; 135:6; 1Co 10:26,28

Pr 16:6; Isa 26:10; 63:17

flax.The word {pishteh,} flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from {pashat,} to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors.

the barley.The Hebrew {seórah,} barley, in Arabic {shair,} and {shairat,} is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from {saâr,} to stand on end as the hair of the head: hence {seâr,} the hair of the head. So its Latin name {hordeum} is from {horreo,} to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May.

Ru 1:22; 2:23; Am 4:9; Hab 3:17

not grown up. Heb. hidden, or dark.

10:22

spread.

29; 8:12

and the thunders.

10:18,19; Jas 5:17,18

saw.

8:15; Ec 8:11

and hardened.

4:21; 7:14; 2Ch 28:22; 33:23; 36:13; Ro 2:4,5

Exodus 10

1 God threatens to send locusts.

7 Pharaoh moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go.

12 The plague of the locusts.

16 Pharaoh entreats Moses.

21 The plague of darkness.

24 Pharaoh again entreats Moses, but yet is hardened.

I have hardened.

4:21; 7:13,14; 9:27,34,35; Ps 7:11

that I.

3:20; 7:4; 9:16; 14:17,18; 15:14,15; Jos 2:9,10; 4:23,24; 1Sa 4:8

Ro 9:17

And that.

13:8,9,14; De 4:9; 6:20-22; Ps 44:1; 71:18; 78:5,6; Joe 1:3; Eph 6:4

that ye.

7:17; Ps 58:11; Eze 20:26,28

How long.

9:17; 16:28; Nu 14:27; 1Ki 18:21; Pr 1:22,24; Jer 13:10; Eze 5:6

Heb 12:25

humble.

1Ki 21:29; 2Ch 7:14; 33:12,19; 34:27; Job 42:6; Pr 18:12; Isa 1:5

Isa 2:11; Jer 13:18; Ro 2:4; Jas 4:10; 1Pe 5:6

tomorrow.

8:10,23; 9:5,18; 11:4,5

locusts.The word {arbeh,} Locust, is derived from {ravah,} to multiply, be numerous, etc., because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of Grylli; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antennæ about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the mouth and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue: the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah.

Pr 30:27; Joe 1:4-7; 2:2-11,25; Re 9:3

face. Heb. eye.

the residue.

9:32; Joe 1:4; 2:25

fill.

8:3,21

which.

14,15; 9:24; 11:6; Joe 2:2

And he.

11; 11:8; Heb 11:27

How long.

snare.

23:33; Jos 23:13; 1Sa 18:21; Pr 29:6; Ec 7:26; 1Co 7:35

that Egypt.

Ps 107:34; Isa 14:20; 51:9; Jer 48:4; 51:8; Zep 1:18

brought.

16,24; 12:31

who. Heb. who, and who, etc.

We will go.

Ge 50:8; De 31:12,13; Jos 24:15; Ps 148:12,13; Ec 12:1; Eph 6:4

our flocks.

Pr 3:9

a feast.

3:18; 5:1,3; 8:25-28; 13:6; Nu 29:12; 1Co 5:7,8

be so.

12:30,31; 13:21

look to it.

2Ch 32:15; La 3:37

for that.

Ps 52:3,4; 119:69

And they.

28; 5:4

Stretch.

7:19

eat every.

4,5

east wind.

14:21; Ge 41:6; Ps 78:26; 107:25-28; 148:8; Jon 1:4; 4:8; Mt 8:27

the locusts.

De 28:42; 1Ki 8:37; Ps 78:46; 105:34,35; Re 9:3-7

very grievous.

5; Joe 1:2-4

before.

6; 11:6; Joe 2:2

For they.

5; Joe 1:6,7; 2:1-11,25

did eat.

Ps 78:46; 105:35

called for. Heb. hastened to call. I have.

9:27; Nu 21:7; 22:34; 1Sa 15:24,30; 26:21; 2Sa 19:20; Job 34:31,32

Pr 28:13; Mt 27:4

forgive.

1Sa 15:25

and intreat.

8:8; 9:28; 1Ki 13:6; Isa 26:16; Ro 15:30; Ac 8:24

this death.

2Ki 4:40; 2Co 1:10

went.

8:30

and intreated.

8:9,28,29; Mt 5:44; Lu 6:28

a mighty.

cast. Heb. fastened. the Red sea.

13:18; 15:4; Joe 2:20; Heb 11:29

4:21; 7:13,14; 9:12; 11:10; De 2:30; Isa 6:9,10; Joh 12:39,40

Ro 9:18; 2Th 2:11,12

Stretch.

9:22

darkness.As the Egyptians not only worshipped the light and sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. See Bryant, pp. 141-160.

Ps 35:6; 78:49; 105:28; Pr 4:19; Ec 2:14; 6:4; Isa 8:21,22

Mt 27:45; Mr 15:33; Lu 23:44; 2Pe 2:4,17; Jude 1:6,13; Re 16:10,11

even darkness which may be felt. Heb. that one may feeldarkness.

thick darkness.

20:21; De 4:11; 5:22; Ps 105:28; Joe 2:2,31; Am 4:13; Re 16:10

but all.

8:22; 9:4,26; 14:20; Jos 24:7; Isa 42:16; 60:1-3; 65:13,14

Mal 3:18; Col 1:13; 1Pe 2:9

Go ye.

8,9; 8:28; 9:28

flocks.

Ge 34:23

little ones.

us. Heb. into our hands. sacrifices.

29:1-46; 36:1-40:38; Le 9:22; 16:9

cattle.

12:32; Isa 23:18; 60:5-10; Ho 5:6; Zec 14:20; Ac 2:44,45; 2Co 8:5

and we.

Pr 3:9; Heb 11:8

1,20; 4:21; 14:4,8; Re 9:20; 16:10,11

Get thee.

for in that.

2Ch 16:10; 25:16; Am 7:13

I will see.

11:4-8; 12:30,31; Heb 11:27

Exodus 11

1 God's message to the Israelites to borrow jewels of their neighbours.

4 Moses threatens Pharaoh with the death of the firstborn.

Yet will.

9:14; Le 26:21; De 4:34; 1Sa 6:4; Job 10:17; Re 16:9

afterwards.

3:20; Ge 15:14

thrust you.

12:31-39

borrow.

3:22; 12:1,2,35,36; Ge 31:9; Job 27:16,17; Ps 24:1; 105:37

Pr 13:22; Hag 2:8; Mt 20:15

jewels.

32:2-4,24; 35:22; Eze 16:10-13

the Lord.

3:21; 12:36; Ge 39:21; Ps 106:46

Moses.

Ge 12:2; 2Sa 7:9; Es 9:4; Isa 60:14; Ac 7:22; Re 3:9

About.

12:12,23,29; Job 34:20; Am 4:10; 5:17; Mt 25:6

will I go.

2Sa 5:24; Ps 60:10; Isa 42:13; Mic 2:13

the firstborn.

4:23; 12:12,29; 13:15; Ps 78:51; 105:36; 135:8; 136:10; Heb 11:28

behind.

Jud 16:21; Isa 47:2; La 5:13; Mt 24:41

3:7; 12:30; Pr 21:13; Isa 15:4,5,8; Jer 31:15; La 3:8; Am 5:17

Zep 1:10; Lu 13:28; Re 6:16,17; 18:18,19

dog.

Jos 10:21; Job 5:16

a difference.

7:22; 10:23; Mal 3:18; 1Co 4:7

And all.

12:31-33; Isa 49:23,26; Re 3:9

follow thee. Heb. is at they feet.

Jud 4:10; 8:5; 1Ki 20:10; 2Ki 3:9; *marg:

a great anger. Heb. heat of anger.

Nu 12:3; De 29:24; 32:24; Ps 6:1; Eze 3:14; Da 3:19; Mr 3:5

Pharaoh.

3:19; 7:4; 10:1; Ro 9:16-18

wonders.

7:3

the Lord.

4:21; 7:13,14; 10:20,27; De 2:30; 1Sa 6:6; Job 9:4; Ro 2:4,5; 9:22

Deuteronomy 4:34

take him.

Ex 1:9; 3:10,17-20

temptations.

7:19; 29:3; Ex 9:20,21; 10:7

by signs.

Ex 7:3; Ps 78:12,48-53

by a mighty.

5:15; 6:21; 7:8,9; Ex 6:6; 13:3; 1Pe 5:6

and by great.

26:8; 34:12; Ex 12:30-33

Nehemiah 9:10-11

shewedst.

Ex 7:1-25; 14:1-31; De 4:34; 11:3,4; Ps 78:12,13,43-53; 105:27-37

Ps 106:7-11; 135:8,9; 136:10-15; Ac 7:36

they.

Ex 5:2,7,8; 9:17; 10:3; 18:11; Job 40:11,12; Da 4:37; 5:23; 1Pe 5:5

didst.

Ex 9:16; Jos 2:10,11; Ps 83:18; Isa 63:12,14; Jer 32:20; Eze 20:9

Da 9:15; Ro 9:17

divide.

Ex 14:21,22,27,28; Ps 66:6; 78:13; 114:3-5; 136:13-15

Isa 63:11-13

their persecutors.

Ex 15:1-21; Ps 106:9-11; Heb 11:29

as a stone.

Ex 15:5,10; Re 18:21

Psalms 78:43-51

How.

105:27-38; 135:9; Ex 3:19,20; De 4:34; 6:22; Ne 9:10

wrought. Heb. set. wonders.

105:29; Ex 7:17-21; Re 16:3-6The miracles mentioned in this and the four subsequent verses, evidently shew the power of God over the elements of nature, which at that time were the objects of Egyptian worship.

sent.

105:31; Ex 8:21-24

frogs.

105:30; Ex 8:2-15; Re 16:3

gave also.

105:34,35; Ex 10:12-15; Joe 1:4-7; 2:25; Am 7:1,2; Re 9:2-11

the caterpillar.{Chosal,} from {chasal,} to consume, eat up, is rendered [\~broucov\~, brouchos] by the LXX., in 2 Ch 6:28, and Aquila here, and also the Vulgate in Chron. and Isa 33:4 and Jerome here, {bruchus,} the chaffer, which every one knows to be a great devourer of the leaves of trees. The Syriac in Joel 1:4; 2:25, renders it {tzartzooro,} which Michaelis, from the Arabic {tzartzar,} a cricket, interprets the mole-cricket, which in its grub state is also very destructive to corn, grass, and other vegetables, by cankering the roots on which it feeds.

destroyed. or, killed. with hail.

105:32,33; Ex 9:18-34

sycamore.From the value of the sycamore in furnishing wood for various uses, from the grateful shade which its wide spreading branches afforded, and on account of the fruit, which Mr. Maillet says the Egyptians hold in the highest estimation, we may conceive somewhat of the loss they sustained when "their vines were destroyed with hail; and their sycamore trees with frost." See Note on 1 Ch 27:28.

frost. or, great hailstones.

gave up. Heb. shut up. hot thunderbolts. or, lightnings.

Ex 9:28

cast.

11:6; Job 20:23; Isa 42:25; La 4:11; Zep 3:8; Ro 2:8,9

by sending.

1Ki 22:21,22; Job 1:12; 2:6,7

made away. Heb. weighed a path. he spared.

Job 27:22; Eze 5:11; 7:4,9; 8:18; 9:10; Ro 8:32; 2Pe 2:4,5

life over to the pestilence. or, beasts to the murrain.

Ex 9:3-6

smote.