▼ Grk “having purified,” as the preparation for the love described in the second half of the verse.

▼ Most later mss (P Maj.) have διὰ πνεύματος (dia pneumatos, “through the spirit”) after ἀληθείας (alētheias, “truth”), while the words are lacking in a broad spectrum of early and important witnesses (Ƥ⁷² א A B C Ψ 33 81 323 945 1241 1739 al vg sy co). On external grounds, the shorter reading cannot be easily explained if it were not original. The longer reading is clearly secondary, added to show more strongly God’s part in man’s obedience to the truth. But the addition ignores the force that the author gives to “purified” and ruins the balance between v. 22 and v. 23 (for in v. 23 the emphasis is on God’s part; here, on man’s part).

▼ Grk “for sincere brotherly love.”

▼ Verses 22–23 are a single sentence in the Greek text. To improve clarity (and because contemporary English tends to use shorter sentences) these verses have been divided into three sentences in the translation. In addition, “So” has been supplied at the beginning of the second English sentence (v. 22b) to indicate the relationship with the preceding statement.

▼ A few mss (A B 1852 pc) lack καθαρᾶς (kaqaras, “pure”) and read simply καρδίας (kardias, “from the heart”), but there is excellent ms support (Ƥ⁷² א* C P Ψ 33 1739 Maj. co) for the word. The omission may have been accidental. In the uncial script (ΚΑΘΑΡΑΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΑΣ) an accidental omission could have happened via homoioteleuton or homoioarcton. καθαρᾶς should be considered original.