2Sa 22:14 | NETfull | STEP | The Lord thundered from the sky; the sovereign One shouted loudly.

2 Samuel 22:14

14 The Lord thundered ^{▼▼ The shortened theme vowel indicates that the prefixed verbal form is a preterite.} from the sky;
the sovereign One ^{▼▼ Heb “the Most High.” This divine title (עֶלְיוֹן, ’elyon) pictures God as the exalted ruler of the universe who vindicates the innocent and judges the wicked. See especially Ps 47:2.} shouted loudly. ^{▼▼ Heb “offered his voice.” In this poetic narrative context the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite indicating past tense, not an imperfect. Note the preterite form in the preceding line. The text of Ps 18:13 adds at this point, “hail and coals of fire.” These words are probably accidentally added from v. 12b; they do not appear in 2 Sam 22:14.} ^{▼▼ Thunder is a common motif in Old Testament theophanies and in ancient Near Eastern portrayals of the storm god and warring kings. See R. B. Chisholm, “An Exegetical and Theological Study of Psalm 18/2 Samuel 22” (Th.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983), 179–83.}