Eph 2:3 | NETfull | STEP | among whom all of us also formerly lived out our lives in the cravings of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath even as the rest…

Ephesians 2:3

3 among whom ^{▼▼ Among whom. The relative pronoun phrase that begins v. 3 is identical, except for gender, to the one that begins v. 2 (ἐν αἵς [en hais], ἐν οἵς [en hois]). By the structure, the author is building an argument for our hopeless condition: We lived in sin and we lived among sinful people. Our doom looked to be sealed as well in v. 2: Both the external environment (kingdom of the air) and our internal motivation and attitude (the spirit that is now energizing) were under the devil’s thumb (cf. 2 Cor 4:4).} all of us ^{▼▼ Grk “we all.”} also ^{▼▼ Or “even.”} formerly lived out our lives in the cravings of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath ^{▼▼ Children of wrath is a Semitic idiom which may mean either “people characterized by wrath” or “people destined for wrath.”} even as the rest… ^{▼▼ Eph 2:1–3. The translation of vv. 1–3 is very literal, even to the point of retaining the awkward syntax of the original. See note on the word dead in 2:1.}