Hab 1:12-13 | NETfull | STEP | Lord , you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, you are immortal. Lord , you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment.

Habakkuk 1:12-13

Habakkuk Voices Some Concerns

12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; ^{▼▼ Heb “Are you not from antiquity, O Lord?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Yes, of course.” The present translation reflects the force of the rhetorical question, rendering it as an affirmation. When used in a temporal sense the phrase מִקֶדֶם (miqedem) means “from antiquity, ancient times,” often referring to earlier periods in Israel’s history. See its use in Neh 12:46; Pss 74:12; 77:11; Isa 45:21; 46:10; Mic 5:2.}
my sovereign God, ^{▼▼ Heb “My God, my holy one.” God’s “holiness” in this context is his sovereign transcendence as the righteous judge of the world (see vv. 12b–13a), thus the translation “My sovereign God.”} you are immortal. ^{▼▼ The MT reads, “we will not die,” but an ancient scribal tradition has “you [i.e., God] will not die.” This is preferred as a more difficult reading that can explain the rise of the other variant. Later scribes who copied the manuscripts did not want to associate the idea of death with God in any way, so they softened the statement to refer to humanity.}
Lord, you have made them ^{▼▼ Heb “him,” a collective singular referring to the Babylonians. The plural pronoun “them” has been used in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style.} your instrument of judgment. ^{▼▼ Heb “for judgment.”}
Protector, ^{▼▼ Heb “Rock” or “Cliff.” This divine epithet views God as a place where one can go to be safe from danger. The translation “Protector” conveys the force of the metaphor (cf. KJV, NEB “O mighty God”).} you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. ^{▼▼ Heb “to correct, reprove.”}
13 You are too just ^{▼▼ Heb “[you] are too pure of eyes.” God’s “eyes” here signify what he looks at with approval. His “eyes” are “pure” in that he refuses to tolerate any wrongdoing in his presence.} to tolerate ^{▼▼ Heb “to see.” Here “see” is figurative for “tolerate,” “put up with.”} evil;
you are unable to condone ^{▼▼ Heb “to look at.” Cf. NEB “who canst not countenance wrongdoing”; NASB “You can not look on wickedness with favor.”} wrongdoing.
So why do you put up with such treacherous people? ^{▼▼ Heb “Why do you look at treacherous ones?” The verb בָּגַד (bagad, “be treacherous”) is often used of those who are disloyal or who violate agreements. See S. Erlandsson, TDOT 1:470–73.}
Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour ^{▼▼ Or “swallow up.”} those more righteous than they are? ^{▼▼ Heb “more innocent than themselves.”}