▼ Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

▼ The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).

▼ The Hebrew text reads, “the sovereign master will again, a second time, his hand.” The auxiliary verb יוֹסִיף (yosif), which literally means “add,” needs a main verb to complete it. Consequently many emend שֵׁנִית (shenit, “a second time”) to an infinitive. Some propose the form שַׁנֹּת (shannot, a Piel infinitive construct from שָׁנָה, shanah) and relate it semantically to an Arabic cognate meaning “to be high.” If the Hebrew text is retained a verb must be supplied. “Second time” would allude back to the events of the Exodus (see vv. 15–16).

▼ Or “acquire”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “recover.”

▼ Heb “the remnant of his people who remain.”

▼ Perhaps a reference to Upper (i.e., southern) Egypt (so NIV, NLT; NCV “South Egypt”).

▼ Or “Ethiopia” (NAB, NRSV, NLT).

▼ Or “Babylonia” (NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).

▼ Or perhaps, “the islands of the sea.”

▼ Or “the banished of Israel,” i.e., the exiles.

▼ Heb “turn aside”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “depart.”

▼ Heb “hostile ones of Judah.” Elsewhere when the substantival participle of צָרָר (tsarar) takes a pronominal suffix or appears in a construct relationship, the following genitive is objective. (For a list of texts see BDB 865 s.v. III צָרַר) In this case the phrase “hostile ones of Judah” means “those who are hostile toward Judah,” i.e., Judah’s enemies. However, the parallel couplet that follows suggests that Judah’s hostility toward Ephraim is in view. In this case “hostile ones of Judah” means “hostile ones from Judah.” The translation above assumes the latter, giving the immediate context priority over general usage.