Isa 48:4 | NETfull | STEP | I did this because I know how stubborn you are. Your neck muscles are like iron and your forehead like bronze.

Isaiah 48:4

4 I did this ^{▼▼ The words “I did this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text v. 4 is subordinated to v. 3.} because I know how stubborn you are.
Your neck muscles are like iron
and your forehead like bronze. ^{▼▼ The image is that of a person who has tensed the muscles of the face and neck as a sign of resolute refusal.}