Mat 10:1-4 | NETfull | STEP | Jesus called his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits so they could cast them out and heal every kind of disease and sickness.

Matthew 10:1-4

1 Jesus ^{▼▼ Grk “And he.”} called his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits ^{▼▼ Unclean spirits refers to evil spirits.} so they could cast them out and heal every kind of disease and sickness. ^{▼▼ Grk “and every [kind of] sickness.” Here “every” was not repeated in the translation for stylistic reasons.} 2 Now these are the names of the twelve apostles: ^{▼▼ The term apostles is rare in the gospels, found only here, Mark 3:14, and six more times in Luke (6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10).} first, Simon ^{▼▼ In the various lists of the twelve, Simon (that is, Peter) is always mentioned first (see also Mark 3:16–19; Luke 6:13–16; Acts 1:13) and the first four are always the same, though not in the same order after Peter.} (called Peter), and Andrew his brother; James son of Zebedee and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; ^{▼▼ Bartholomew (meaning “son of Tolmai” in Aramaic) could be another name for Nathanael mentioned in John 1:45.} Thomas ^{▼▼ This is the “doubting Thomas” of John 20:24–29.} and Matthew the tax collector; ^{▼▼ See the note on tax collectors in 5:46.} James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; ^{▼▼ Witnesses differ on the identification of the last disciple mentioned in v. 3: He is called Λεββαῖος (Lebbaios, “Lebbaeus”) in D, Judas Zelotes in it, and not present in sy^s. The Byzantine text, along with a few others (C^[*^],2 L W Θ f¹ 33 Maj.), conflates earlier readings by calling him “Lebbaeus, who was called Thaddaeus,” while codex 13 pc conflate by way of transposition (“Thaddaeus, who was called Lebbaeus”). But excellent witnesses of the earliest texttypes (א B f¹³892 pc lat co) call him merely Θαδδαῖος (Thaddaios, “Thaddaeus”), a reading which, because of this support, is most likely correct.} 4 Simon the Zealot ^{▼▼ Grk “the Cananean,” but according to both BDAG 507 s.v. Καναναῖος and L&N 11.88, this term has no relation at all to the geographical terms for Cana or Canaan, but is derived from the Aramaic term for “enthusiast, zealot” (see Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13), possibly because of an earlier affiliation with the party of the Zealots. He may not have been technically a member of the particular Jewish nationalistic party known as “Zealots” (since according to some scholars this party had not been organized at that time), but simply someone who was zealous for Jewish independence from Rome, in which case the term would refer to his temperament.} and Judas Iscariot, ^{▼▼ There is some debate about what the name Iscariot means. It probably alludes to a region in Judea and thus might make Judas the only non-Galilean in the group. Several explanations for the name Iscariot have been proposed, but it is probably transliterated Hebrew with the meaning “man of Kerioth” (there are at least two villages that had that name). For further discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 1:546; also D. A. Carson, John, 304.} who betrayed him. ^{▼▼ Grk “who even betrayed him.”}