▼ Grk “and it was given to him to go to war.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

▼ Many mss omit the phrase “it was given to make war with the saints and to overcome them” (Ƥ⁴⁷ A C 2053 Maj.^A sa). It is, however, found in Ƥ^115vid א 051 1006 (1611) 1841 (1854) 2329 2344 2351 (Maj.^K) lat sy^ph,(h) bo. Although the ms evidence is somewhat in favor of the shorter reading, the support of Ƥ¹¹⁵ (a recently-discovered ms) for the longer reading balances things out. Normally, the shorter reading should be given preference. However, in an instance in which homoioteleuton could play a role, caution must be exercised. In this passage, accidental omission is quite likely. That this could have happened seems apparent from the two occurrences of the identical phrase “and it was given to him” (καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ, kai edothē autō) in v. 7. The scribe’s eye skipped over the first καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ and went to the second, hence creating an accidental omission of eleven words.

▼ For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

▼ Grk “and people,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.