1Ki 13:2, 2Ki 21:26-23:30, 2Ch 33:25-35:27 | TSK | STEP

1 Kings 13:2

O altar.

De 32:1; Isa 1:2; 58:1; Jer 22:29; Eze 36:1,4; 38:4; Lu 19:40

Josiah by name.

2Ki 22:1,2; 23:15-18; 2Ch 34:1,4-7; Isa 42:9; 44:26-28; 46:10

Isa 48:5-7

offer.

2Ki 23:15-17

2 Kings 21:26

in the garden.

Josiah.

1Ki 13:5; Mt 1:10

2 Kings 22

1 Josiah's good reign.

3 He takes care for the repair of the temple.

8 Hilkiah having found a book of the law, Josiah sends to Huldah to enquire of the Lord.

15 Huldah prophesies the destruction of Jerusalem, but respite thereof in Josiah's time.

A.M. 3363-3394. B.C. 641-610. Josiah.This prince was one of the best, if not the best, of all the Jewish kings since the time of David. He began well, continued well, and ended well.

1Ki 13:2; 2Ch 34:1,2-33; Jer 1:2; Zep 1:1; Mt 1:10

Josias.

eight years old.

11:21; 21:1; Ps 8:2; Ec 10:16; Isa 3:4

Boscath.This was a city in the plain country of the tribe of Judah; and is mentioned in the parallel passage along with Lachish and Eglon.

Jos 15:39

Bozkath.

right.

16:2; 18:3; 2Ch 17:3; 29:2; Pr 20:11

walked.

1Ki 3:6; 11:38; 15:5

turned.

De 5:32; Jos 1:7; Pr 4:27; Eze 18:14-17

A.M. 3380. B.C. 642. in the.

2Ch 34:3-8,9-33

Hilkiah.

1Ch 6:13; 9:11; 2Ch 34:9-18

that he may.Ten years seem to have elapsed since the people began to present the accustomed offerings; yet no one had taken an account of them, nor were they applied to the purpose for which they were given.

sum the silver.

12:4,8-11; 2Ch 24:8-12; Mr 12:41,42

the keepers.

1Ch 9:19; 26:13-19; 2Ch 8:14; Ne 11:19; Ps 84:10

door. Heb. threshold.

deliver.

12:11-14

to repair.

12:5; 2Ch 24:7,12,13,27; Ezr 3:7

Howbeit.

12:15; 2Ch 24:14

they dealt faithfully.

Ex 36:5,6; Ne 7:2; Pr 28:20; Lu 16:10-12; 1Co 4:2; 2Co 8:20,21

2Ti 2:2; 3Jo 1:5

I have found.This certainly was a genuine copy of the divine law, and probably the autograph of Moses, as it is said, in the parallel place of Chronicles, to be the book of the law of the Lord by Moses. It is not probable that this was the only copy of the law in the land, or that Josiah had never before seen the book of Moses; but the fact seems to be, that this was the original of the covenant renewed by Moses in the plains of Moab, and now being unexpectedly found, its antiquity, the occasion of its being made, the present circumstances of the people, the imperfect state in which the reformation was as yet, after all that had been done, would all concur to produce the effect here mentioned on the mind of the pious Josiah.

De 31:24-26; 2Ch 34:14,15-28

Shaphan.

3,12; 25:22; Jer 26:24; 29:3; 36:10-12; 39:14; 40:11; 41:2; Eze 8:11

the scribe.

18:18

gathered. Heb. melted.

Shaphan.

De 31:9-13; 2Ch 34:18; Ne 8:1-7,14,15,18; 13:1; Jer 36:6,15,21

the king.

De 17:18-20; Jer 13:18; 22:1,2

that he rent.

19; 2Ch 34:19; Jer 36:24; Joe 2:13; Jon 3:6,7

the king.

19:2,3; 2Ch 34:19-21; Isa 37:1-4

Ahikam.

9; Jer 26:22,24

Achbor.

2Ch 34:20

Abdon. Michaiah. or, Micah.

enquire.

3:11; 1Ki 22:7,8; 1Ch 10:13,14; Ps 25:14; Pr 3:6; Jer 21:1,2; 37:17

Eze 14:3,4; 20:1-3; Am 3:7

great.

Ex 20:5; De 4:23-27; 29:23-28; 31:17,18; Ne 8:8,9; 9:3; Ps 76:7

Da 9:5-7; Na 1:6; Ro 3:20; 4:15; 7:9; Re 6:17

because our fathers.

2Ch 29:6; 34:21; Ps 106:6; Jer 16:12; 44:17; La 5:7; Da 9:8,10

Jas 1:22-25

prophetess.

Ex 15:20; Jud 4:4; Mic 6:4; Lu 1:41-56; 2:36; Ac 21:9; 1Co 11:5

Tikvah.

2Ch 34:22

Tikvath, Hasrah. wardrobe. Heb. garments.

10:22; Ne 7:72

college. or, second part.

1:6,16; Jer 23:28

Behold.

20:17; 21:12,13; 2Ch 34:24,25

all the words.

25:1-4; Le 26:15-46; De 28:15-68; 29:18-23; 30:17,18; 31:16-18

De 32:15-26; Jos 23:13,15; Da 9:11-14

have foresaken.

Ex 32:34; De 29:24-28; 32:15-19; Jud 2:12-14; 3:7,8; 10:6,7,10-14

1Ki 9:6-9; Ne 9:26,27; Ps 106:35-42; Jer 2:11-13,27,28

the works.

Ps 115:4-8; Isa 2:8,9; 44:17-20; 46:5-8; Mic 5:13

therefore.

1Th 2:16

shall not be.

De 32:22; 2Ch 36:16; Isa 33:14; Jer 7:20; 17:27; Eze 20:47,48

Zep 1:18

the king.

2Ch 34:26-28

thus shall ye.

Isa 3:10; Mal 3:16,17

thine heart.

1Sa 24:5; Ps 51:17; 119:120; Isa 46:12; 57:15; 66:2,5; Jer 36:24

Jer 36:29-32; Eze 9:4; Ro 2:4,5; Jas 4:6-10

humbled.

Ex 10:3; Le 26:40,41; 1Ki 21:29; 2Ch 33:12,19,23; Mic 6:8

1Pe 5:5,6

a desolation.

Le 26:31,32; De 29:23; Jer 26:6; 44:22

hast rent.

wept.

Nu 25:6; Jud 2:4,5; 20:26; Ezr 9:3,4; 10:1; Ne 1:4; 8:9; Ps 119:136

Jer 9:1; 13:17; 14:17; Lu 19:41; Ro 9:2,3

I also have.

19:20; 20:5

I will gather.

Ge 25:8; De 31:16; 1Ch 17:11; 2Ch 34:28

thou shalt.During thy life, none of these calamities shall fall upon thee nor thy people; no adversary shall be permitted to disturb the peace of Judea; and thou shalt at last "be gathered into thy grave in peace." Now, though it is stated that Pharaoh-Necho slew him at Megiddo, yet the Assyrians and the Jews were at peace; and though Josiah might feel it his duty to oppose the Egyptian king's going against his friend and ally, and that, in his endeavours to oppose him, he was mortally wounded at Megiddo, yet certainly he was not killed there, but was brought to Jerusalem, where he died in peace.

gathered.

23:29,30; Ps 37:37; Isa 57:1,2; Jer 22:10,15,16

2 Kings 23:1-30

1 Josiah causes the book to be read in a solemn assembly.

3 He renews the covenant of the Lord.

4 He destroys idolatry.

15 He burns dead men's bones upon the altar of Beth-el, as was fore-prophesied.

21 He keeps a most solemn passover.

24 He puts away witches and all abomination.

26 God's final wrath against Judah.

29 Josiah, provoking Pharaoh-nechoh, is slain at Megiddo.

31 Jehoahaz, succeeding him, is imprisoned by Pharaoh-nechoh, who makes Jehoiakim king.

36 Jehoiakim's wicked reign.

the king.

De 31:28; 2Sa 6:1; 2Ch 29:20; 30:2; 34:29,30-33

both small and great. Heb. from small even unto great.

Ge 19:11; 1Sa 5:9; 30:2; 2Ch 15:13; Es 1:5; Job 3:19; Ps 115:13

Ac 26:22; Re 20:12

he read.

De 31:10-13; 2Ch 17:9; Ne 8:1-8; 9:3; 13:1

the book.

22:8; De 31:26; 1Ki 8:9

stood.

11:14,17; 2Ch 23:13; 34:31,32

made a covenant.

Ex 24:7,8; De 5:1-3; 29:1,10-15; Jos 24:25; 2Ch 15:12-14; 23:16

2Ch 29:10; Ezr 10:3; Ne 9:38; 10:28-39; Jer 50:5; Heb 8:8-13; 12:24

Heb 13:20

to walk.

De 8:19

his commandments.

De 4:45; 5:1; 6:1; Ps 19:7-9

with all their heart.

De 6:5; 10:12; 11:13; Mt 22:36,37

And all.

Ex 24:3; Jos 24:24; 2Ch 34:32,33; Ec 8:2; Jer 4:2

priests of the second order.These were either such as occasionally supplied the high priest's office, or those of the second course or order established by David. See the References.

1Ch 24:4-19; Mt 26:3; 27:1

the keepers.

22:4; 1Ch 26:1-19

to bring.

21:3,7; 2Ch 33:3,7; 34:3,4

Baal.

17:16; Jud 2:13; 1Ki 16:31; 18:19,26,40; 19:18; Isa 27:9; Jer 7:9

Kidron.

2Sa 15:23; Joh 18:1

Cedron. Beth-el.

1Ki 12:29; Ho 4:15; Am 4:4

put down. Heb. caused to cease. the idolatrous priests.Heb. Chemarim.

Ho 10:5; *marg:"Foretold. Zep 1:4, 5."

planets. or, twelve signs, or constellations.So the Vulgate {duodecim signa,} "the twelve signs," i.e., the zodiac; which is the most probable meaning of the word {mazzaloth,} from the Arabic {manzeel,} a {caravanserai,} house, or dwelling, as being the apparent dwellings of the sun in his annual course; and the Targumists and Rabbins often employ the words {tereysar mazzalaya,} to denote the signs of the zodiac.

all the host.

21:3,4; Jer 8:1,2; 44:17-19

the grove.Or rather, Asherah, or Astarte.

21:7; Jud 3:7; 1Ki 14:23; 16:33; Jer 17:2

and burned.

Ex 32:20; De 7:25; 9:21

the graves.

10:27; 2Ch 34:4

the children.Probably the common people.

the sodomites.

Ge 19:4,5; 1Ki 14:24; 15:12; 22:46; 2Ch 34:33; Ro 1:26,27

where.

Ex 35:25,26; Eze 8:14; 16:16; Ho 2:13

hangings. Heb. houses.

from, etc.The northern and southern borders of Judah.

Geba.

Jos 21:17; 1Ki 15:22; 1Ch 6:60; Isa 10:29; Zec 14:10

Beer-sheba.

Ge 21:31; 26:23; Jud 20:1; 1Ki 19:3

the priests.

Eze 44:10-14; Mal 2:8,9

but they did.

1Sa 2:36; Eze 44:29-31

Topheth.

Isa 30:33; Jer 7:31,32; 19:6,11-13

Tophet. the valley.

Jos 15:8; 2Ch 28:3; 33:6; Jer 19:2; 32:35; Mt 5:22; *Gr:

might make.

16:3; 17:17; 21:6; Le 18:21; De 18:10; Jer 32:35; Eze 16:21; 20:26,31

Eze 23:37-39

the sun.

5; 2Ch 14:5; 34:4; Eze 8:16

house of the Lord.Throughout the East, the horse because of his swiftness and utility, was dedicated to the sun; and the Greeks and Romans feigned that the chariot of the sun was drawn by four horses, Pyrous, Eous, Aithon, and Phlegon: and hence also chariots were dedicated to that luminary. Jarchi says, that those who adored the sun had horses, which they mounted every morning, to go out to meet him at his rising. The kings of Judah had imitated these idolatrous customs, and kept the horses of the sun even at the entrance of the temple of the Lord!

chamberlain. or, eunuch, or officer.

on the top.

De 22:8; Jer 19:13; Zep 1:5

which Manasseh.

21:5,21,22; 2Ch 33:5,15

brake them down from thence. or, ran from thence. cast.

the mount of corruption. that is, the mount of Olives.Houbigant, deriving the Hebrew {mashchith} from {mashach,} "to anoint," reads "the Mount of Olives." Jarchi, following the Chaldee, also says this was the Mount of Olives; for this is the mount {hammishchah,} of unction: but because of the idolatrous purposes for which it was used, the Scripture changed the appellation to the mount of {hammashchith,} corruption.

Solomon.

1Ki 11:7; Ne 13:26

Ashtoreth.

Jud 2:13; 10:6; 1Sa 7:4; 12:10; 1Ki 11:5,33

Chemosh.

Nu 21:29; Jud 11:24; Jer 48:7,13,16

Milcom.

Zep 1:5

Malcham.

he brake.

Ex 23:24; Nu 33:52; De 7:5,25,26; 2Ch 34:3,4; Mic 1:7

images. Heb. statues. the bones of men.

16; Nu 19:16,18; Jer 8:1,2; Eze 39:12-16; Mt 23:27,28

the altar.

10:31; 1Ki 12:28-33; 14:16; 15:30; 21:22

stamped.

burned.

1Ki 13:1,2,32; Mt 24:35; Joh 10:35

who proclaimed.The Septuagint and Hexaplar Syriac at Paris insert, "when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast. And turning about, he cast his eyes on the sepulchre of the man of God"--

It is the sepulchre.

1Ki 13:1,30,31

alone. Heb. to escape. the bones of the prophet.

1Ki 13:1-22,31

the houses.

17:9; 1Ki 12:31; 13:32

the cities.

2Ch 30:6-11; 31:1; 34:6,7

the kings.

8:18; 1Ki 16:33; Mic 6:16

to provoke the Lord.

17:16-18; 21:6; Ps 78:58; Jer 7:18,19; Eze 8:17,18

he slew. or, he sacrificed.

10:25; 11:18; Ex 22:20; De 13:5; 1Ki 13:2; 18:40; Isa 34:6

Zec 13:2,3

burned.

2Ch 34:5

Keep.

2Ch 35:1-19

as it is written.

Ex 12:3-20; Le 23:5-8; Nu 9:2-5; 28:16-25; De 16:1-8

Surely.

2Ch 35:18,19

of the kings.

2Ch 30:1-3,13-20; 35:3-17

Moreover."His eighteenth year ending."

the workers.

21:3,6; 1Sa 28:3-7; Isa 8:19; 19:3; Ac 16:16-18; Re 22:15

images. or, teraphim.

Ge 31:19; Jud 17:5; 18:17,18; Ho 3:4

that he might.

Le 19:31; 20:27; De 18:10-12; Isa 8:20; Ro 3:20; Jas 1:25

the book.

22:8-13; 2Ch 34:14-19

A.M. 3363-3394. B.C. 641-610. unto him.

18:5

that turned.

3; De 4:29; 6:5; 1Ki 2:4; 8:48; 15:5; Jer 29:13

according.

Ne 10:29; Mal 4:4; Joh 1:17; 7:19

Notwithstanding.

21:11-13; 22:16,17; 24:2,4; 2Ch 36:16; Jer 3:7-10; 15:1-4

provocations. Heb. angers.

I will remove.

17:18,20; 18:11; 21:13; 24:3; 25:11; De 29:27,28; Eze 23:32-35

out of my sight.

Ps 51:11; Jer 31:37; 33:24; La 2:7

My name.

21:4,7; 1Ki 8:29; 9:3

the rest.

20:20

A.M. 3394. B.C. 610.

Pharaoh-nechoh.Pharaoh-nechoh, called [Nekos,] Necos, the son of Psammiticus, by Herodotus, was now was now marching "to make war upon the Medes and Babylonians, who had dissolved the Assyrian empire," the king of the latter being the famous Nabopollasar, who had also become king of Assyria.

33,34,35; 2Ch 35:20-24; Jer 46:2

Euphrates.

2Ki 24:7; 2Ch 35:20; Jer 46:2

Josiah went.

2Ch 35:20-23

slew him.

2Ki 22:20; Ec 8:14; 9:1,2; Isa 57:1,2; Ro 11:33

Megiddo.Megiddo, called [Magdolon,] Magdolum, by Herodotus, was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan, in the valley of Jezreel, and not far fron Hadad-Rimmon, or Maximianopolis. This shews that Josiah reigned over the country formerly possessed by the ten tribes; and it is also probable, that Nechoh had landed his troops at or near Cæsarea of Palestine.

9:27; Jos 17:11; Jud 1:27; 5:19; 1Ki 4:12; Zec 12:11

Megiddon.

Re 16:16

Armageddon. he had seen him.

14:8,11

servants.

9:28; 1Ki 22:33-38; 2Ch 35:24

the people.

14:21; 21:24; 2Ch 36:1,2-4

2 Chronicles 33:25

slew.

Ge 9:5,6; Nu 35:31,33

the people.

26:1; 36:1

Josiah.

34:1

2 Chronicles 34

1 Josiah's good reign.

3 He destroys idolatry.

8 He takes order for the repair of the temple.

14 Hilkiah, having found a book of the law, Josiah sends to Huldah to enquire of the Lord.

23 Huldah prophesies the destruction of Jerusalem, but respite thereof in Josiah's time.

29 Josiah, causing it to be read in a solemn assembly, renews the covenant with God.

A.M. 3363-3394. B.C. 641-610. Josiah.

33:25; 1Ki 13:2; 2Ki 22:1-20; 1Ch 3:14,15; Jer 1:2; Zep 1:1

Mt 1:10,11

Josias. eight years.

24:1; 26:1; 33:1; 1Sa 2:18,26; 1Ki 3:7-9; Ec 4:13

right in the sight.

14:2; 17:3; 29:2; 1Ki 14:8; 15:5; 2Ki 22:2

declined.

De 5:32; 17:11,20; 28:14; Jos 1:7; 23:6; Pr 4:27

A.M. 3370. B.C. 634. while he.

1Ch 22:5; 29:1; Ps 119:9; Ec 12:1; 2Ti 3:15

to seek.

15:2; 1Ch 28:9; Pr 8:17; Mt 6:33

purge.

33:17,22; Le 26:30; 2Ki 23:4,14

the high places.

30:14

See on

2Ki 18:4

brake down.

33:3; Ex 23:24; Le 26:30; De 7:5,25

images. or, sun images.

14:5; 2Ki 23:4,5,11

made dust.

7; Ex 32:20; De 9:21; 2Ki 23:12; Ps 18:42; Isa 27:9

graves. Heb. face of the graves.

2Ki 10:26,27; 23:4,6

he.

1Ki 13:2; 2Ki 23:16; Jer 8:1,2

cleansed.

7; Nu 35:33; Jer 3:10; 4:14; Eze 22:24

in.

30:1,10,11; 31:1; 2Ki 23:15-20

mattocks. or, mauls.

1Sa 13:20,21; Pr 25:18; Isa 7:25

beaten.

1; De 9:21

into powder. Heb. to make powder. he returned.

31:1

A.M. 3380. B.C. 624. the eighteenth.

Jer 1:2,3

sent Shaphan.

2Ki 22:3,12,14; Jer 26:24; 29:3; 36:10; 39:14; 40:11; Eze 8:11

Maaseiah.

Jer 21:1; 29:21,25

recorded.

2Sa 8:16; 20:24; 1Ch 18:15

Hilkiah.

14,15,18,20,22; 2Ki 22:4; 23:4

they delivered.

24:11-14; 2Ki 22:5-7; Php 4:8

Manasseh.

30:10,18; 31:1

and they returned.Instead of {wyyashuvoo}, "and they returned," as the Keri has, we should, with the Kethiv, read {weyoshevey,} "and the inhabitants of;" a reading which is supported by many MSS,; printed editions, and all the versions, as well as necessity and common sense.

in the hand.

2Ki 12:11,12,14; 22:5,6; Ezr 3:7

floor. or, rafter. the kings.

33:4-7,22

faithfully.

31:12; 2Ki 12:15; 22:7; Ne 7:2; Pr 28:20; 1Co 4:2

all.

1Ch 6:31-48; 15:16-22; 16:4,5,41; 23:5; 25:1-31

skill.The verb skill is now obsolete: the meaning is, "every one who is skilful, {maiveen,} on instruments of music."

the bearers.

2:10,18; 8:10; Ne 4:10

and of the Levites.

1Ch 23:4,5

scribes.

Ezr 7:6; Jer 8:8; Mt 26:3

officers.

19:11; 1Ch 23:4; 26:29,30

porters.

8:14; 1Ch 9:17; 15:18; 16:38,42; 26:1-19; Ezr 7:7

Hilkiah.

2Ki 22:8-20; De 31:24-26

a book.Literally, "a book of the law of the Lord, by the hand of Moses," i.e, as Dr. Kennicott understands it, "in the handwriting of Moses;" for, says he, though there are fifteen places in the Old Testament which mention the "Law of Moses," and "book of Moses," yet this one place only mentions "the book of the law in, or by, the hand of Moses."

the law.

12:1; 31:4; 35:26; De 17:18,19; Jos 1:8; Ezr 7:10; Ps 1:2; Isa 5:24

Isa 30:9; Jer 8:8; Lu 2:39

Moses. Heb. the hand of Moses.

Le 8:36; 10:11; 26:46

Shaphan.

2Ki 22:9,10; Jer 36:20,21

thy servants. Heb. the hand of thy servants.

And they.

8-10

gathered together. Heb. poured out, or melted.

And Shaphan read.

De 17:19; Jos 1:8; Ps 119:46,97-99; Jer 36:20,21

it. Heb. in it.

the words.

Ro 3:20; 7:7-11; Ga 2:19; 3:10-13

that he rent.

2Ki 19:1; 22:11,19; Jer 36:22-24; Joe 2:13

Ahikam.

2Ki 25:22; Jer 26:24; 40:6,9,14

Abdon.This person seems to have borne both the name of Achbor and Abdon.

2Ki 22:12

Achbor.

Jer 26:22

Michah.Michaiah, [Mîykayehûw ,] as he is named in the parallel passage, is here called [Mîykâh ,] Michah, merely by the omission of [Yâhh ,] {yah,} one of the Divine names.

Asaiah.This variation only exists in the translation; the original being uniformly Asaiah, or rather, Asayah.

2Ki 22:12

Asahiah.

enquire.

Ex 18:15; 1Sa 9:9; 1Ki 22:5-7; Jer 21:2; Eze 14:1-11; 20:1-7

that are left.

28:6; 33:11; 2Ki 17:6,7; 22:13; Isa 37:2-4; Jer 42:2

great.

Le 26:14-46; De 28:15; 29:18-28; 30:17-19; 31:16-22; 32:15-25

Ro 1:18; 2:8-12; 4:15

the prophetess.

Ex 15:20; Jud 4:4; Lu 1:41-45; 2:36; Ac 21:9

Hasrah.Hasrah is most probably a mistake for Harhas; as the Septuagint reads, both here and in the parallel place, [Aras.]

Aras.

2Ki 22:14

Harhas.

wardrobe. Heb. garments. college. or, school, or secondpart. It is probable that {Mishneh} was either the name of a street, or a particular part of the city of Jerusalem.

Tell ye the man.

2Ki 22:15-20; Jer 21:3-7; 37:7-10

I will bring.

36:14-20; Jos 23:16; 2Ki 21:12; 23:26,27; Isa 5:4-6; Jer 6:19

Jer 19:3,15; 35:17; 36:31

all the curses.

Because.

12:2; 15:2; 33:3-9; 2Ki 24:3,4; Isa 2:8,9; Jer 15:1-4

my wrath.

Isa 42:25; Jer 7:20; La 2:4; 4:11; Na 1:6; Re 14:10,11

shall not.

2Ki 22:17; Jer 4:4; 7:20; Eze 20:48; Mr 9:43-48

as for.

21,23

Because."Because," says the Targumist, "thy heart was melted, and thou hast humbled thyself in the sight of the word of the Lord, {meymra dyya,} when thou didst hear His words, {yath pithgamoi,} against this place." Here {meymra,} the personal word, is plainly distinguished from {pithgam,} a word spoken.

thine heart.

32:12,13; 2Ki 22:18,19; Ps 34:18; 51:17; Isa 57:15; 66:2; Eze 9:4

Eze 36:26

humble.

32:26; 33:12,19; Jas 4:6-10

didst rend.

19; Jer 36:23,24

I have even.

Ps 10:17; Isa 65:24

I will gather.

35:24; 2Ki 22:20; Isa 57:1,2; Jer 15:1; Eze 14:14-21

in peace.

Ps 37:37

neither.

1Ki 21:29; 2Ki 20:19; Isa 39:8

the king.

1Sa 12:23; 1Ch 29:2-9; Mr 14:8

gathered.

30:2; 2Ki 23:1-3

great and small. Heb. from great even to small.

15:12,13; 18:30; De 1:17; Job 3:19

he read.

6:1-11; 17:7-9; De 17:18-20; Ne 8:2-5; Ec 1:12; 12:9,10

the book.

15,18,19,24; Ex 24:7; 2Ki 23:2,21; Jer 31:31,32

In his place.Instead of {âl ômdo,} "in his place," the parallel passage 2 Ki 23:3, has {âl häâmmood,} "by the pillar;" which is probably the true reading, as the LXX. in both places read [ton stylon,] "the pillar."

6:13; 2Ki 11:4; 23:3; Eze 46:2

made a covenant.This was expressed, 1. In general, To walk after Jehovah; to have no gods beside him. 2. To take this law for the regulation of their conduct. 3. In particular, To bend their whole heart and soul to the performance of it; so that they might not only have religion without, but piety within.

23:16; 29:10; Ex 24:6-8; De 29:1,10-15; Jos 24:25; Ne 9:38; 10:29

Jer 50:5; Heb 8:6-13

and his testimonies.

Ps 119:111,112

with all.

15:12,15; 31:21; De 6:5; Lu 10:27-29

to perform.

Ps 119:106

caused.

14:4; 30:12; 33:16; Ge 18:19; Ec 8:2

present. Heb. found.

did.

took away.

the abominations.

all his days.

Jos 24:31; Jer 3:10; Ho 6:4

from following. Heb. from after.

2 Chronicles 35

1 Josiah keeps a most solemn passover.

20 He provoking Pharaoh-necho, is slain at Megiddo.

25 Lamentations for Josiah.

Josiah.The whole solemnity was performed with great exactness according to the law, and upon that account there was none like it since Samuel's time; for even in Hezekiah's passover there were several irregularities. Bp. Patrick observes, that in this also it exceeded the other passovers which preceding things had kept, that though Josiah was by no means so rich as David, or Solomon, or Jehoshaphat, yet he furnished the congregation with beasts for sacrifice, both paschal and eucharistical, at his own proper cost and charge, which was more than any king ever did before.

30:1-27; 2Ki 23:21-23

the fourteenth.

Ex 12:6; Nu 9:3; De 16:1-8; Ezr 6:19; Eze 45:21Josiah's solemnization of the passover, which is merely alluded to at 2 Ki 23:21, is very particularly related her, while the destruction of idolatry is largely related in the Kings, and here only touched upon. The feasts of the Lord God, appointed by the ceremonial law, were very numerous; but the passover was the chief. It was the first which was solemnized in the night wherein Israel came out of Egypt, and ushered in those which were afterwards instituted: and it was the last great feast which was held in the night wherein Christ was betrayed, before the vail of the temple was rent in twain. Be means of this feast, both Josiah and Hezekiah revived religion in their day.

charges.

23:8,18; 31:2; Nu 18:5-7; 1Ch 24:1-31; Ezr 6:18

encouraged.

29:5-11; 31:2; 1Ch 22:19

the Levites.

17:8,9; 30:22; De 33:10; Ne 8:7,8; Mal 2:7

Put.

8:11; 34:14

in the house.

5:7

not be.

Nu 4:15-49; 1Ch 23:26

serve now.

Nu 8:19; 16:9,10; 2Co 4:5

the houses.

1Ch 9:10-34; Ne 11:10-20

after your courses.The regulations formed by David, and established by Solomon, concerning the courses of the priests and Levites, were committed to writing, and preserved, for them to refer to continually. Josiah, as well as Hezekiah, required the priests and Levites to attend to their several duties, and encouraged them therein, but he neither added, altered, not retrenched anything: he merely enforced what had been established in the law, and in the regulations made by David and the contemporary prophets: "the commandment of the king....was by the word of the Lord."

1Ch 23:1-26:32

and according.

8:14

And stand.

Ps 134:1; 135:2

families of the fathers. Heb. house of the fathers. people.Heb. sons of the people.

So kill.

30:15-17; Ex 12:6,21,22; Ezr 6:20,21

sanctify.

29:5,15,34; 30:3,15-19; Ge 35:2; Ex 19:10,15; Nu 19:11-20; Job 1:5

Ps 51:7; Joe 2:16; Heb 9:13,14

Josiah.

7:8-10; 30:24; Isa 32:8; Eze 45:17

gave. Heb. offered.

1Ki 8:63

thirty thousand.According to the calculation, that not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty persons, were to join for one kid or lamb, the numbers given on this occasion would suffice for above 400,000 persons.

the king's substance.

1Ki 8:63; 1Ch 29:3

his princes.

29:31-33; 1Ch 29:6-9,17; Ezr 1:6; 2:68,69; 7:16; 8:25-35

Ne 7:70-72; Ps 45:12; Ac 2:44,45; 4:34,35

gave. Heb. offered. willingly.

2Co 8:12; 9:7

Hilkiah.

34:14-20

rulers.

1Ch 9:20; 24:4,5; Jer 29:25,26; Ac 4:1; 5:26

gave. Heb. offered.

Isa 1:10-15; Jer 3:10; 7:21-28; Mic 6:6-8

the priests.

4,5; 30:16; Ezr 6:18

the priests.

29:22-24; 30:16; Le 1:5,6; Nu 18:3,7; Heb 9:21,22

flayed them.

29:34

as it is written.

Le 3:3,5,9-11,14-16

roasted.

Ex 12:8,9; De 16:7; Ps 22:14; La 1:12,13

sod.

Le 6:28; Nu 6:19; 1Sa 2:13-15

divided them speedily. Heb. made them run.

Ro 12:11

because the priests.

Ac 6:2-4

place. Heb. station. according.

29:25,26; 1Ch 16:41,42; 23:5; 25:1-7; Ps 77:1; 78:1; 79:1; *titles

the porters.

1Ch 9:17-19; 26:14-19

present. Heb. found. the feast.

30:21-23; Ex 12:15-20; 13:6,7; 23:15; 34:18; Le 23:5-8; Nu 28:16-25

De 16:3,4,8; 1Co 5:7,8

there was no passover.Not one on purer principles, more heartily joined in by the people present, more literally or exactly consecrated, according to the law, or more religiously observed. The words do not refer to the number present, but to the manner and spirit.

30:5; 2Ki 23:21-23

neither did.

30:26,27

A.M. 3394. B.C. 610. temple. Heb. house. Necho.Pharaoh, the lame, says the Targumist.

2Ki 23:29,30

Pharaoh-necho.

Jer 46:2-12

Charchemish.

Isa 10:9

What.

2Sa 16:10; Mt 8:29; Joh 2:4

house wherewith I have war. Heb. house of my war. God.

2Ki 18:25; Isa 36:10

forbear thee.

25:19

Nevertheless.Josiah's conduct in this affair has been treated with great severity; and he has been charged with engaging rashly in an unjust war, and disregarding the express command of God. But Scripture no where condemns him; and Pharaoh, in marching through Josiah's territories, against his will, certainly committed an act of hostility. It is evident that Josiah was in possession of the whole land of Israel (ch. 26:6); and probably he held the northern parts of it as a grant from the king of Babylon; and was not only in alliance with him, but bound to guard his frontiers against hostile invaders. He may, therefore, be fairly justified from the charge of unjustly meddling in a war that did not belong him. It is true the ambassadors assured Josiah, that "God had commanded Pharaoh to make haste;" and he is therefore said not to have "hearkened to the words of Necho, from the mouth of God." But Necho produced no proof that he was a prophet of Jehovah; and the word he employed, {elohim,} may denote gods or idols; and critics have noticed that the expression, "from the mouth of God," is not used when the true God is meant.

but disguised.

18:29; 1Ki 14:2; 22:30,34

the mouth.

21; 18:4-6; Jos 9:14

Megiddo.

Jud 5:19; 2Ki 9:27; 23:30; Zec 12:11

Megiddon.

Re 16:16

Armageddon.

the archers.

18:33; Ge 49:23; 2Ki 9:24; La 3:13

wounded. Heb. made sick.