Exo 28:1, 4, 6-30, 29:4-37, 39:1-7, Lev 8:7-8, Num 16:5, 17:5-8, 18:1-7 | TSK | STEP | Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office. Holy garments are appointed. The ephod and girdle. The breast-plate with twelve precious stones. The Urim and Thummim. The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells. The plate of the mitre. The embroidered coat. The garments for Aaron's sons. take. among. Nadab.

Exodus 28:1

1 Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest's office.

2 Holy garments are appointed.

6 The ephod and girdle.

15 The breast-plate with twelve precious stones.

30 The Urim and Thummim.

31 The robe of the ephod, with pomegranates and bells.

36 The plate of the mitre.

39 The embroidered coat.

40 The garments for Aaron's sons.

take.

Le 8:2; Nu 16:9-11; 17:2-9; 2Ch 26:18-21; Heb 5:1-5

among.

41; 29:1,9,44; 30:30; 31:10; 35:19; Nu 18:7; De 10:6; 1Ch 6:10

2Ch 11:14; Lu 1:8

Nadab.

6:23; 24:1,9; Le 10:1,12; Nu 2:4; 26:61; 1Ch 24:1-4

Exodus 28:4

a breastplate.{Choshen,} in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob.

15; 39:8-21; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14; 1Th 5:8; Re 9:17

ephod.The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves.

6-14; 39:2-5,21,22; Le 8:7,8; 1Sa 2:18; 22:18; 23:6; 30:7; 2Sa 6:14

a robe.The word {meil,} from {âlah,} to ascend, go up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout.

broidered.

a mitre.

a girdle.

Exodus 28:6-30

linen.

26:1

39:4

curious. or, embroidered.

27,28; 29:5; 39:20,21; Le 8:7; Isa 11:5; 1Pe 1:13; Re 1:13

onyx.

20; 39:13; Ge 2:12; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13

grave.

36; 39:6; 2Ch 2:7; So 8:6; Isa 49:16

according to their birth.

1:1-4; Ge 43:33

engravings of a signet.

21,36; Jer 22:24; Zec 3:9; Eph 1:13; 4:30; 2Ti 2:19; Re 7:2

ounces of gold.

13,14,25; 39:6,13,18

the shoulders.

7; Ps 89:19; Isa 9:6; 12:2; Zec 6:13,14; Heb 7:25-28

Aaron shall bear.

29; 39:6,7

for a memorial.

12:14; 13:9; 39:7; Ge 9:12-17; Le 24:7; Nu 16:40; 31:54; Jos 4:7

Isa 62:6; Zec 6:14; Lu 1:54,72; Ac 10:4

chains of.

24; 39:15

of wreathen.

22-25; 39:17,18; 1Ki 7:17; 2Ki 25:17; 2Ch 4:12,13

the breastplate.

4,30; 39:8; Le 8:8

after.

6; 26:1

thou shalt.

9,11; 39:10-21; Mal 3:17

set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in its fillings ofstone. the first row.

Eze 28:13; Re 21:19-21

a sardius, or, ruby.The Hebrew {odem,} from {adam,} to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as {adam} does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple.

Job 28:18; Pr 3:15; 8:11; 20:15; 31:10; La 4:7

a topaz.{Pitdah,} is constantly rendered by the LXX. [topazion,] and Vulgate, {topazius,} with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour.

Job 28:19; Re 21:20

a carbuncle.{Bareketh,} from {barak,} to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet.

Isa 54:11,12

emerald.{Nophech,} an emerald, the same with the ancient {smaragdus;} one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture.

39:11; Eze 27:16

sapphire.

24:10; Job 28:6,16; So 5:14; Eze 1:26; 10:1; Re 4:3

diamond.

Jer 17:1; Eze 28:13

a ligure.

39:12

an agate.

Isa 54:12

a beryl.

Eze 1:16; 10:9; Da 10:6; Re 21:20

an onyx. See on ver.

a jasper.

Re 4:3; 21:11,18-20

inclosings. Heb. fillings.

twelve.

9-11

according to the twelve.

1Ki 18:31; Lu 22:30; Jas 1:1; Re 7:4-8; 21:12

25:11-15

wreathen chains.

14; 39:15

on the shoulder pieces.

of the ephod.

39:4

the curious girdle.

a lace.

31,37; 39:30,31; Nu 15:38

in the.

15,30

upon.

12; Jer 30:21; Ro 10:1

So 8:6; Isa 49:15,16

the Urim and Thummim.[\^Mymth taw Myrwa ta\^] the Urim and Thummim, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX. [\~dhlwsiv kai alhyeia\~,] manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, {doctrina et veritas,} doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of Josephus, Philo, Bp. Patrick, Parkhurst, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, 1. That in the description of the high priest's breastplate, Exod. 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. 2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every thing relative to the high priest's dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what was previously mentioned.

Le 8:8; Nu 27:21; De 33:8; Jud 1:1; 20:18,23,27,28; 1Sa 23:9-12

1Sa 28:6; 30:7,8; Ezr 2:63; Ne 7:65

bear the judgment.

Zec 6:13

upon his heart.

2Co 6:11,12; 7:3; 12:15; Php 1:7,8; Heb 2:17; 4:15; 9:12,24

Exodus 29:4-37

unto the door.

26:36; 40:28; Le 8:3-6

wash them.

30:18-21; 40:12; Le 8:6; 14:8; De 23:11; Eze 36:25; Joh 13:8-10

Eph 5:26; Tit 3:5; Heb 10:22; 1Pe 3:21; Re 1:5,6

garments.

28:2-8; Le 8:7,8

curious.The word {cheshev,} translated curious girdle, simply signifies a kind of diaper or embroidered work, of the same texture as the ephod itself.

28:8

mitre.{Mitznepheth,} from {tzanaph,} to wrap round, evidently means that covering of the head so universal in eastern countries, which we call turband, which consists of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or silk wound round its bottom.

28:36-39; Le 8:9

28:41; 30:23-31; Le 8:10-12; 10:7; 21:10; Nu 35:25; Ps 89:20; 133:2

Isa 61:1; Joh 3:34; 1Jo 2:27

28:40; Le 8:13

put. Heb. bind. the priest's.

28:1; Nu 16:10,35,40; 18:7; Heb 5:4,5,10; 7:11-14

consecrate. Heb. fill the hand of.

28:41; 32:29; *marg:

Le 8:22-28; Heb 7:23-28

cause.

put.

15,19; Le 1:4; 3:2; 8:14,18; 16:21; Isa 53:6; 2Co 5:21

And.

Le 1:4,5; 8:15; 9:8,12

door.

4; Le 1:3

the blood.

Le 8:15; 9:9; 16:14,18,19; Heb 9:13,14,22; 10:4

the horns.

27:2; 30:2; 38:2

pour all.

Le 4:7,18,25,30,34; 5:9; 9:9

all the fat.

22; Le 3:3,4,9,10,14-16; 4:8,9,26,31,35; 6:12; 7:3,31; Ps 22:14

Isa 1:11; 34:6; 43:24

and the caul.It seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew doctors, to be the midriff.

Le 8:16,25; 9:10,19

burn them.

18,25; Le 1:9,15; 16:25; 17:6; Nu 18:17; 1Sa 2:16

flesh.

Le 4:11,12,21; 8:17; 16:27; Heb 13:11-13

it is a.

30:10; Le 4:3,25,29,32; 5:6,8; 6:25; 9:2; 16:3,11; Nu 7:16

2Ch 29:24; Ezr 8:35

one.

3,19; Le 8:18-21

put.

10; Le 1:4-9

11,12

wash the.

Le 1:9,13; 8:21; 9:14; Jer 4:14; Mt 23:26

unto. or, upon.

a burnt offering.

Ge 22:2,7,13; Le 9:24; 1Sa 7:9; 1Ki 3:4; 18:38; Ps 50:8; Isa 1:11

Jer 6:20; 7:21,22; Mr 12:33; Heb 10:6-10

sweet savour.

Ge 8:21; Le 1:17; Eph 5:2; Php 4:18

other.

3; Le 8:22-29

Aaron.

put it upon the tip.All this doubtless was intended to signify, that the priest should dedicate all his faculties and powers to the service of God; his ear to the hearing and study of the law; his hands to diligence in the sacred ministry, and to all acts of obedience; and his feet to walking in the way of God's precepts; for the ear is the symbol of obedience, the hand of action, and the foot of the path or conduct in life. And the sprinkling might further teach him, that he could neither hear, work, nor walk profitably, uprightly, and well pleasingly in the sight of God, without the application of the blood of the sacrifice.

Le 8:24; 14:14; Isa 50:5; Mr 7:33

sprinkle.

Le 14:7,16; 16:14,15,19; Isa 52:15; Heb 9:19-23; 10:22; 12:24

1Pe 1:2

the anointing oil.

7; 30:25-31; Le 8:30; 14:15-18,29; Ps 133:2; Isa 11:2-5; 61:1-3

shall be.

1; Joh 17:19; Heb 9:22; 10:29

Also thou.

13; Le 8:25-27

the rump.{Alyah} is the large tail of a species of eastern sheep. "This tail," says Dr. Russell, "is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendix that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs about twelve or fourteen {Aleppo rotoloes,} (a {rotoloe} is five pounds,) of which the tail is usually three {rotoloes} or upwards; but such as are of the largest breed, and have been fattened, will sometimes weigh about thirty {rotoloes,} and the tails of these ten."

Le 3:9; 7:3; 9:19

right shoulder.

Le 7:32,33; 9:21; 10:14; Nu 18:18

2,3

put.

Le 8:27

wave them. Heb. shake to and fro. a wave.

26,27; Le 7:30; 9:21; 10:14

thou.

Le 7:29-31; 8:28; Ps 99:6

for a sweet.

offering.

41; Le 1:9,13; 2:2,9,16; 3:3,5,9,11,14,16; 7:5,25; 10:13; 1Sa 2:28

the breast.

Le 8:29

it shall be thy.

Ps 99:6

the breast.

Le 7:31-34; 8:29; 9:21; 10:15; Nu 6:20; 18:11,18,19; De 18:3

the wave offering.The wave offering and heave offering are thus distinguished by the Jewish writers: the former, called {tenoophah,} from {nooph,} to move, toss, was waved horizontally towards the four cardinal points, to signify that He to whom it was consecrated was the Lord of the whole earth; the latter, called {teroomah,} from room, to be elevated, was lifted perpendicularly upward and downward, in token of its being devoted to the God of heaven.

the ram of the consecration.{Ail milluim,} literally, "the ram of filling;" so called, according to some, because at the consecration of the priests, certain pieces of the sacrifice were put into their hands (ver. 24;) on which account their consecration itself is called "filling their hands." (ch. 28:41.) Rabbi Solomon gives a different reason for the ram being so called, from {malai,} to be full, complete; because the sacrifice completed the consecration, and thereupon the priests were fully invested in their office. Accordingly, the LXX. render it by [teleiosis,] consummation.

See

Heb 7:28; Le 7:37; 8:28-31

Aaron's.

Le 7:32-34; 10:14,15; De 18:3

is an heave.

27; Le 7:14,34; Nu 15:19,20; 18:24,29; 31:29,41

sacrifice.

Le 3:1; 7:11-38

holy.

28:3,4

his.

Nu 20:26-28

anointed.

5-7; 30:30; 40:15; Le 8:7-12; Nu 18:8; 35:25

that son. Heb. he of his sons.

Nu 20:28; Heb 7:26

seven days.

35; 12:15; Ge 8:10,12; Le 8:33-35; 9:1,8; 12:2,3; 13:5; Jos 6:14,15

Eze 43:26; Ac 20:6,7

the ram.

seethe his flesh.

Le 8:31; 1Sa 2:13,15; Eze 46:20-24

Aaron.

24:9-11; Le 10:12-14

and the bread.

2,3,23; Mt 12:4

eat those.

Le 10:13-18; Ps 22:26; Joh 6:53-55; 1Co 11:24,26

a stranger.

Le 22:10-13; Nu 1:51; 3:10,38; 16:40; 18:4,7

they are holy.

Nu 16:5

flesh.

22,26,28

burn.

12:10; 16:19; Le 7:18,19; 8:32; 10:16

thus shalt thou do.

40:12-15; Le 8:4-36

according.

39:42,43; 40:16; Joh 16:14

seven days.

30,37; 40:12,13; Le 8:33-35; 14:8-11

every day.

10-14; Eze 43:25,27; 48:18-20; Heb 10:11

cleanse.

Le 16:16-19,27; Heb 9:22,23

anoint it.

30:26,28,29; 40:9-11; Le 8:10,11; Nu 7:1

and sanctify it.

40:10; Da 9:24

it shall be an.

30:29; Mt 23:17,19

Exodus 39:1-7

1 The cloths of service and holy garments.

2 The ephod.

8 The breast-plate.

22 The robe of the ephod.

27 The coats, mitre, and girdle of fine linen.

30 The plate of the holy crown.

32 All is finished, reviewed, and approved by Moses.

the blue.

25:4; 26:1; 35:23

cloths.

31:10; 35:19

holy place.

Ps 93:5; Eze 43:12; Heb 9:12,25

the holy.

28:2-4; 31:10; Eze 42:14

25:7; 28:6-12; Le 8:7

cunning work.

26:1; 36:8

curious.

28:8; 29:5; Le 8:7; Isa 11:5; Re 1:13

as the Lord.

Mt 28:20; 1Co 11:23

onyx stones.The meaning of the word {shoham} is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name [(onyx).] It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx.

25:7; 28:9; 35:9; Job 28:16; Eze 28:13

ouches.{Mishbetzoth,} strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from {shavatz,} to straiten, enclose.

a memorial.

28:12,29; Jos 4:7; Ne 2:20; Mr 14:9,22-25

Leviticus 8:7-8

he put.

Ex 28:4; 29:5; 39:1-7; Isa 61:3,10; Ro 3:22; 13:14; Ga 3:27

the ephod.The {ephod} seems to have been a garment worn by persons of distinction of various characters (2 Sa 6:4); the description of which in the book of Exodus (ch. 28:6, etc.) relates only to its materials. As to its shape, the LXX. calls it [epómis,] which signifies that it was worn on the shoulders. So also Josephus, who says it was a cubit long. St. Jerome compares it with the Roman {caracalla,} which was a sort of short cloak, only that it had a head or hood, which the ephod had not.

the breast plate.

Ex 28:15-29; 39:8-21; So 8:6; Isa 59:17; Eph 6:14; 1Th 5:8

the Urim.

Ex 28:30; Ezr 2:63

Numbers 16:5

the Lord.

Mal 3:18; 2Ti 2:19

who is holy.

3; Le 21:6-8,12-15; Isa 61:5,6; 1Pe 2:5-9; Re 1:6; 5:9,10

will cause.

Ex 28:43; Le 10:3; Ps 65:4; Eze 40:46; 44:15,16; Eph 2:13

Heb 10:19-22; 12:14

even him.

17:5; Ex 28:1; Le 8:2; 1Sa 2:28; Ps 105:26; Joh 15:16; Ac 1:2,24

Ac 13:2; 15:7; 22:14; 2Ti 2:3,4

Numbers 17:5-8

Whom I.

16:5

blossom.

8; Isa 5:24; 11:1; 27:6; 35:1,2; Ho 14:5

I will.

10; Isa 13:11; Eze 16:41; 23:27

they murmur.

16:11

a rod a-piece, for each prince one. Heb. a rod for oneprince, a rod for one prince. See on ver.

18:2; Ex 38:21; Ac 7:44

the rod of Aaron.This fact was so unquestionably miraculous, that no doubt could remain on the minds of the people, or the envious chiefs, of the divine appointment of Aaron: and as there were buds, blossoms, and fruit on the rod at the same time, which was never the case with branches in the natural and ordinary course, this evidently proved the miracle, and took away all suspicion of the fraud which has been impiously suggested, that Moses had taken away Aaron's rod in the night time, and put a living branch of an almond tree in the room of it. A sceptre or staff of office resuming its vegetative life, was considered an absolute impossibility among the ancients; and as they were accustomed to swear by their sceptres, this circumstance was added to confirm the oath.

budded.

5; Ge 40:10; Ps 110:2; 132:17,18; So 2:3; Isa 4:2; Eze 17:24

Eze 19:12,14; Joh 15:1-6

Numbers 18:1-7

1 The charge of the priests and Levites.

8 The priests' portion.

21 The Levites' portion.

25 The heave offering to the priests out of the Levites' portion.

Aaron, Thou.

17:3,7,13; Heb 4:15

shall bear.To counterbalance the high honour conferred on Aaron and his family, and to allay the fears and abate the envy of the people, it is here declared, that the priest must bear the blame of everything which was not properly conducted in the sanctuary.

22; 14:34; Ex 28:38; Le 22:9; Isa 53:6,11; Eze 3:18,19

Ac 20:26,27; Heb 13:17; 1Pe 2:24

joined unto thee.There is a fine paronomasia in the original. Levi is desired from {lawah,} to join, couple, associate; hence Moses says, the Levites {yillawoo,} "shall be joined," or associated, with the priests: they shall conjointly perform the sacred office, but the priests shall be principal, the Levites their associates or assistants.

4; Ge 29:34

minister.

3:6-9; 8:19,22

but thou.

3:10-13; 4:15; 16:40; 17:7; 1Ch 16:39,40; 2Ch 30:16; Eze 44:15

only they.

3:25,31,36; 4:19,20; 16:40

neither.

4:15

a stranger.

1:51; 3:10; 1Sa 6:19; 2Sa 6:6,7

And ye.