Isa 22:1-9, Jer 50:2-3, 21-46, 51:11, 27-28, Eze 38:3-23, Joe 3:14 | TSK | STEP | The prophet laments the invasion of Jewry. He reproves their human wisdom and worldly joy. He prophesies Shebna's deprivation, and the substitution of Eliakim, prefiguring the kingdom of Christ. A.M. cir. 3292. B.C. cir. 712. the valley.Jerusalem being situated in the midst of surrounding hills, and the seat of Divine revelation, is here termed "the valley of vision." This prophecy foretells the invasion of Jerusalem by the Assyrians under Sennacherib; and probably also, by the Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar. of vision. What. that thou.The eastern houses are built with a court within, into which chiefly the windows open; those that open to the street being so obstructed with lattice work, that no one can see through them. Whenever, therefore, any thing is to be seen or heard in the streets, any public spectacle, or any alarm, everyone immediately goes up to the house-top to satisfy his curiosity. Hence all the people running to the top of their houses, gives a lively image of a sudden general alarm.

Isaiah 22:1-9

1 The prophet laments the invasion of Jewry.

8 He reproves their human wisdom and worldly joy.

15 He prophesies Shebna's deprivation,

20 and the substitution of Eliakim, prefiguring the kingdom of Christ.

A.M. cir. 3292. B.C. cir. 712. the valley.Jerusalem being situated in the midst of surrounding hills, and the seat of Divine revelation, is here termed "the valley of vision." This prophecy foretells the invasion of Jerusalem by the Assyrians under Sennacherib; and probably also, by the Chaldeans under Nebuchadnezzar.

Ps 125:2; Jer 21:13

of vision.

1Sa 3:1; Ps 147:19,20; Pr 29:18; Mic 3:6; Ro 3:2; 9:4,5

What.

Ge 21:17; Jud 18:23; 1Sa 11:5; 2Sa 14:5; 2Ki 6:28; Ps 114:5

that thou.The eastern houses are built with a court within, into which chiefly the windows open; those that open to the street being so obstructed with lattice work, that no one can see through them. Whenever, therefore, any thing is to be seen or heard in the streets, any public spectacle, or any alarm, everyone immediately goes up to the house-top to satisfy his curiosity. Hence all the people running to the top of their houses, gives a lively image of a sudden general alarm.

15:3; De 22:8; Jer 48:38

that art.

12,13; 23:7; 32:13; Am 6:3-6

thy slain.

37:33,36; Jer 14:18; 38:2; 52:6; La 2:20; 4:9,10

thy rulers.

3:1-8; 2Ki 25:4-7,18-21; Jer 39:4-7; 52:24-27

by the archers. Heb. of the bow.

Look.

Ru 1:20,21; Jer 4:19; 9:1; 13:17; Lu 1:2

Weep bitterly. Heb. be bitter in weeping.

33:7; Jer 6:26; Mic 1:8; Mt 26:75

labour.

Ps 77:2; Jer 8:18; 31:15; Mt 2:18

a day.

37:3; 2Ki 19:3; Jer 30:7; Am 5:18-20

treading.

5:5; 10:6; 25:10

perplexity.

Es 3:15; Mic 7:4

breaking.

2Ki 25:10; La 1:5; 2:2

crying.

Ho 10:8; Mt 24:16; Lu 23:30; Re 6:16,17

Elam.

21:2; Ge 10:22; Jer 49:35-39

Kir.

15:1; 2Ki 16:9; Am 1:5; 9:7

uncovered. Heb. made naked.

thy choicest valleys. Heb. the choice of thy valleys. full.

8:7,8; 10:28-32; 37:34; Jer 39:1-3

at. or, toward.

he discovered.

36:1-3

the armour.

1Ki 7:2; 10:17; 14:27,28; So 4:4

2Ki 20:20; 2Ch 32:1-6,30

Jeremiah 50:2-3

Declare.

6:18; 31:10; 46:14; Ps 64:9; 96:3; Isa 12:4; 48:6; 66:18,19

Re 14:6-8

set up. Heb. lift up.

Isa 13:2

Babylon.

51:8; Isa 21:9; Re 14:8; 18:2

Bel.

51:44; Isa 46:1

Merodach.

52:31; Isa 39:1

her idols.

46; 43:12,13; Isa 37:19; Zep 2:11Xerxes, after his return from his unsuccessful expedition into Greece, partly out of religious zeal, being a professed enemy to image worship, and partly to reimburse himself after his immense expenses, seized the sacred treasures, and plundered or destroyed the temples and idols of Babylon, thereby accomplishing the prophecies of Isaiah and Jeremiah. (Isa 21:9; 46:1. Jer 50:2; 51:44, 47, 52.) What God declares, "I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth that which he has swallowed," was also literally fulfilled, when the vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from Jerusalem and placed in the temple of Bel, Da 1:2, were restored by order of Cyrus, Ezr 1:7, and again carried to Jerusalem. Bp. Newton, Dis. X.

out of the.The Medes, who formed the greatest part of the army of Cyrus. Media lay N.E. of Babylon.

9,41; 51:11,27,48; Isa 13:5,17,18,20

which.

12,13,35-40; 51:8,9,25,26,37-44,62; Isa 13:6-10,19-22; 14:22-24

Re 18:21-23

both.

7:20; 21:6; Ge 6:7; Ex 12:12; Zep 1:3

Jeremiah 50:21-46

up.

3,9,15

Merathaim. or, the rebels. Pekod. or, visitation.

Eze 23:23

and do.

34:22; 48:10; Nu 31:14-18; 1Sa 15:3,11-24; 2Sa 16:11; 2Ki 18:25

2Ch 36:23; Isa 10:6; 44:28; 48:14

4:19-21; 51:54-56; Isa 21:2-4

51:20-24; Isa 14:4-6,12-17; Re 18:16

snare.

Ec 9:12

and thou wast.

51:8,31-39,57; Isa 21:3-5; Da 5:30,31; Re 18:7,8

because.

Ex 10:3; Job 9:4; 40:2,9; Isa 13:11; 45:9; 2Th 2:4

opened.

35-38; 51:11,20; Ps 45:3,5; Isa 13:2-5,17,18; 21:7-9

this.

15; 51:12,25,55; Isa 14:22-24; 46:10,11; 48:14,15; Am 3:6; Re 18:8

against.

41; 51:27,28; Isa 5:26

the utmost. Heb. the end. open.

10; 51:44; Isa 45:3

cast her up. or, tread her.

Isa 10:6; 25:10; 63:3,4; Mic 7:10; Re 14:19; 19:15

destroy.

13,15,23; 51:25,26,64; Isa 14:23; Re 18:21-24

bullocks.

11; 46:21; Ps 22:12; Isa 34:7; Eze 39:17-20; Re 19:17

their day.

31; 27:7; 48:44; Ps 37:13; La 1:21; Eze 7:5-7; Re 16:17-19; 18:10

voice.

51:50,51; Isa 48:20

to declare.

15; 51:10,11; Ps 149:6-9; Da 5:3-5,23; Zec 12:2,3

vengeance of his.

La 1:10; 2:6,7

the archers.

9,14,26

recompense.

15; 51:56; Ps 137:8,9; Re 16:6; 18:6

for she hath.

24,32; Ex 10:3; Isa 14:13,14; 37:23; 47:10; Da 4:37; 5:23; 11:36

2Th 2:4; Re 13:5,6

Therefore.Gobrias and Gadates, when they entered Babylon, marched directly to the palace, killing all they met.

her young.

9:21; 18:21; 48:15; 49:26; 51:3,4; Isa 13:15-18

all her.

36; 51:56,57; Re 6:15; 19:18

I am.

21:13; 51:25; Eze 5:8; 29:3,9,10; 38:3; 39:1; Na 2:13; 3:5

O thou.

29,32; 48:29; 49:16; Job 40:11,12; Da 4:30,31; Hab 2:4,5; Jas 4:6

1Pe 5:5

most proud. Heb. pride. for.

the most proud. Heb. pride.

Pr 16:18; 18:12; Isa 10:12-15; 14:13-15; Eze 28:2-9; Da 5:20,23-30

none.

51:26,64; Re 18:8

kindle.

21:14; 49:27; De 32:22; Am 1:4,7,10,12,14; 2:2,5

and all.

7,17,18; 51:34-36; Isa 14:17; 47:6; 49:24-26; 51:23; 52:4-6

Zec 1:15,16

they refused.

34:15-18; Ex 5:2; 8:2; 9:2,3,17,18; Isa 14:17; 58:6

Redeemer.

Ex 6:6; Pr 23:11; Isa 41:14; 43:14; 44:6,23,24; 47:4; 54:5; Mic 4:10

Re 18:8

plead.

51:36; Ps 35:1; 43:1; Pr 22:23; Isa 51:22; Mic 7:9

that he.

Isa 14:3-7; 2Th 1:6,7; Re 19:1-3

sword.

47:6; Le 26:25; Isa 66:16; Eze 14:2; Ho 11:6; Zec 11:17

upon her princes.

27,30; 51:39,57; Isa 41:25; Da 5:1,2,30

her wise men.

8:9; 10:7; Isa 19:11-13; 29:14; 44:25; 47:13,14; Da 5:7,8

upon the liars. or, upon the chief stays. Heb. bars.

48:30; Isa 43:14; *marg:

Isa 44:25; 2Th 2:9-11; 1Ti 4:2; Re 19:20; 21:8; 22:15

dote.

2Sa 15:31; 17:14; 2Ch 25:16; Isa 47:10-15; 1Ti 6:4

her mighty.

30; 49:22; 51:23,30,32; Na 2:8; 3:7,13,17,18

their horses.

51:21; Ps 20:7,8; 46:9; 76:6; Eze 39:20; Na 2:2-4,13; Hag 2:22

all the.

25:20,24; Eze 30:5

as women.

48:41; 51:30; Isa 19:16; Na 3:13

her treasures.

26; Isa 45:3

A drought.

12; 51:32-36; Isa 44:27; Re 16:12; 17:15,16

the land.

2; 51:44,47,52; Isa 46:1-7; Da 3:1-30; 5:4; Hab 2:18,19; Re 17:5

mad.

51:7; Isa 44:25; Ac 17:16

12,13; 25:12; 51:26,37,38,43,62-64; Isa 13:20-22; 14:23; 34:11-17

Re 18:2,21-24

49:18; 51:26; Ge 19:24,25; De 29:23; Isa 1:9; 13:19,20; Ho 11:8,9

Am 4:11; Zep 2:9; Lu 17:28-30; 2Pe 2:6; Jude 1:7; Re 11:8; 18:8,9

2,3,9; 6:22,23; 25:14; 51:1,2,11,27,28; Isa 13:2-5,17,18; Re 17:16

hold.

6:22,23

they are cruel.

Ps 74:20; 137:8,9; Isa 13:17,18; 14:6; 47:6; Hab 1:6-8; Jas 2:13

Re 16:6

their voice.

Ps 46:2,3,6; Isa 5:30

shall ride.

8:16; 47:3; Isa 5:28; Hab 1:8; Re 19:14-18

king.

51:31; Isa 13:6-8; 21:3,4; Da 5:5,6

pangs.

49:22,24

like a lion.

25:38; 49:19-21

who is a.

Job 41:10,11; Isa 41:25; 46:11

for who.

Ex 15:11; Ps 89:6,8; Isa 40:18,25; 43:10

appoint me the time. or, convent me to plead. who is that.

49:19; Job 41:10

hear.

51:10,11; Ps 33:10,11; Isa 14:24-27; 46:10,11; Ac 4:28; Eph 1:11

Re 17:16,17

the least.

37:10; 49:20

surely he.We have already adverted to the completion of the prophecies respecting the final destruction of Babylon, (on Isa 13:18,) and shall only add a few more observations, in order to shew more clearly the full accomplishment of some of these predictions. Strabo says that in his time (about the Christian era) a great part of it was a desert. Jerome says that in his time (cir. A.D. 340) it was quite in ruins, the walls merely serving for an inclosure for wild beasts, for the hunting of the kings of Parthia: and modern travellers universally concur in describing it in a state of utter desolation, and the habitation of wild beasts and noxious reptiles.

49:21; Isa 14:9,10; Eze 26:18; 31:16; 32:10; Re 18:9-19

Jeremiah 51:11

Make.

46:4,9; 50:9,14,25,28,29; Isa 21:5

bright. Heb. pure. the Lord hath.

27,28; 1Ki 11:14,23; 1Ch 5:26; 2Ch 36:22; Ezr 1:1; Isa 10:26; 13:17

Isa 13:18; 21:2; 41:25; 45:1,5; 46:11; Re 17:16,17

the spirit.Of Cyaxares king of Media, called "Darius the Mede" in scripture; and of Cyrus his nephew, king of persia, presumptive heir of the throne of his uncle.

his device.

12,29; 50:45

the vengeance.

24,35; 50:15,28; Ps 74:3-11; 83:3-9; Hab 2:17-20; Zec 12:2,3

Zec 14:2,12

Jeremiah 51:27-28

ye up.

12; 6:1; 50:2,41; Isa 13:2-5; 18:3; Am 3:6; Zec 14:2

prepare.

25:14

Ararat.Bochart reasonably concludes Ararat and Minni to be the greater and lesser Armenia; and Ashchenaz he thinks formed part of Phrygia near the Hellespont, part of that country being called Ascania by Homer. Cyrus had conquered Armenia, defeated Croesus king of Lydia, (B.C. 548,) and subdued several nations from the Egean sea to the Euphrates, before he marched against Babylon; and Xenophon also informs us that there were not only Armenians, but both Phrygians and Cappadocians in the army of Cyrus.

Ge 8:4

Ashchenaz.

Ge 10:3

Ashkenaz.

1Ch 1:6

cause.

14; 46:23; 50:41,42; Jud 6:5; Joe 2:2,3; Na 3:15-17; Re 9:7-11After Cyrus had been the instrument in the hands of God of taking Babylon, he marched against Tomyris, queen of the Massagetæ, a Scythian nation, and was totally defeated, (B.C. 530.) The victorious queen, who had lost her son in a previous battle, was so incensed against Cyrus, that she cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, exclaiming, "Sattia te sanguine, quem sitisti."

the kings.

11; 25:25; Ge 10:2; 1Ch 1:5

Madia.

Es 1:3; 10:2; Isa 13:17; 21:2; Da 5:28-30; 6:8; 8:3,4,20; 9:1

Ezekiel 38:3-23

I am.

13:8; 29:3; 35:3; 39:1,2-10

I will turn.

29:4; 39:2; 2Ki 19:28; Isa 37:29

horses.

15; Da 11:40

all of them.

23:12

handling.

1Ch 12:8; 2Ch 25:5; Jer 46:9

Persia.

27:10

Libya. or, Phut.

30:5; Ge 10:6; 1Ch 1:8; Na 3:9

Put.

Gomer.

Ge 10:2; 1Ch 1:5

Togarmah.

27:14; Ge 10:3; 1Ch 1:6; Da 11:40

2Ch 25:8; Ps 2:1-4; Isa 8:9,10; 37:22; Jer 46:3-5,14-16; 51:12

Joe 3:9-12; Am 4:12; Zec 14:2,3

many days.

16; Ge 49:1; Nu 24:14; De 4:30; Jer 48:47; 49:39; Ho 3:3-5; Hab 2:3

thou shalt be.

Ex 20:5; Isa 24:22; 29:6; Jer 32:5; La 4:22

into the land.

12; 36:24-38; 37:21-28; 39:27-29; Isa 11:11-16; Jer 30:3,18; 32:37

Am 9:14,15

the mountains.

34:13; 36:1-8

it is.

1Pe 2:9

and they shall.

11; 28:26; 34:25-28; Jer 23:6; 33:16

shalt ascend.

13:11; Isa 21:1,2; 25:4; 28:2; Da 11:40

like.

16; Jer 4:13; Joe 2:2

all thy.

Isa 8:9,10

that at.

Ps 83:3,4; 139:2; Pr 19:21; Isa 10:7; Mr 7:21; Joh 13:2; Ac 5:3,9

Ac 8:22; 1Co 4:5

think an evil thought. or, conceive a mischievous purpose.

Ps 36:4; Pr 6:14,18; 12:2; Mic 2:1

go up.

Ex 15:9; Ps 10:9; Pr 1:11-16; Isa 37:24,25; Ro 3:15

go to.

Jud 18:7,27; Jer 49:31,32; Zec 2:4,5

safely. or, confidently.

8; Pr 3:29,30

take a spoil, and to take a prey. Heb. spoil the spoil, andto prey the prey.

29:19; *marg:

Isa 10:6; Jer 30:16

turn.

Isa 1:24,25; Am 1:8; Zec 13:7

the desolate.

36:33-35; Jer 32:43,44; 33:12,13; Zec 1:12,17

and upon.

8; Zec 10:8-10

midst. Heb. navel.

Jud 9:37; *marg:

Sheba.

27:12,15,20,22,23,25

with.

19:3-6; 32:2; Ps 57:4; Jer 50:17; 51:38; Na 2:11-13; Zec 11:3

in that.

Isa 4:1,2

dwelleth.

8,11; Jer 23:6; Zec 2:5,8

shalt.

37:28

thy place.

39:2; Da 11:40

and many.

4,6; Joe 3:2; Zep 3:8; Zec 12:2-4; 14:2,3; Re 16:14,16; 20:8

as a cloud.

it shall be.Though it is not generally agreed what people or transactions are here predicted, yet it seems evident that the prophecy is not yet accomplished. Nothing occurred in the wars of Cambyses, or Antiochus Epiphanes with the Jews, that answers to it; and the expression here used, in the latter days, plainly implies that there should be a succession of many ages between the publication of the prediction and its accomplishment. It is therefore supposed, with much probability, that its fulfilment will be posterior to the conversion of the Jews and their restoration to their own land; and that the Turks, Tarters, or Scythians, from the northern parts of Asia, perhaps uniting with the inhabitants of some more southern regions, will make war upon the Jews and be cut off in a manner predicted here.

8; De 31:29; Isa 2:2; Da 2:28; 10:14; Ho 3:5; Mic 4:1; 1Ti 4:1

2Ti 3:1

that the.

23; 36:23; 39:21; Ex 14:4; 1Sa 17:45-47; 2Ki 19:19; Ps 83:17,18

Da 3:24-29; 4:32-37; 6:15-27; Mic 7:15-17; Mt 6:9,10

whom.

10,11,16; Ps 110:5,6; Isa 27:1; 34:1-6; 63:1-6; 66:15,16

Da 11:40-45; Joe 3:9-14; Zec 12:2-8; 14:1-21

by. Heb. the hands of.

that.

36:5,6; De 32:22; Ps 18:7,8; 89:46; Na 1:2; Heb 12:29

in my.