Lev 4:27-31, 9:3, 15, Num 28:0-29:31, Isa 53:10, 2Cor 5:21, Tit 2:14 | TSK | STEP | any one. Heb. any soul. common people. Heb. people of the land .{Am haäretz;} that is, any individual who was not a priest, king, or ruler among the people; an ordinary person. Any of these having transgressed, was obliged to bring a lamb or kid, the ceremonies being nearly the same as in the preceding cases.

Leviticus 4:27-31

any one. Heb. any soul.

common people. Heb. people of the land .{Am haäretz;} that is, any individual who was not a priest, king, or ruler among the people; an ordinary person. Any of these having transgressed, was obliged to bring a lamb or kid, the ceremonies being nearly the same as in the preceding cases.

2,13; Ex 12:49; Nu 5:6; 15:16,29

a kid.

23,32; 5:6; Ge 3:15; Isa 7:14; Jer 31:22; Ro 8:3; Ga 4:4,5

a female.

23; Ga 3:28

4,15,24,33; Heb 10:4-14

upon the horns.

25,34; Isa 42:21; Ro 8:3,4; 10:4; Heb 2:10

pour out.There may have been some place at the bottom of the altar to receive and carry off the blood.

all the fat.

8-10,19,26,35; 3:3-5,9-11,14-16

a sweet.

1:9,13,17; 3:3,5; 8:21; Ex 29:18; Ezr 6:10; Job 42:8; Ps 40:6,7

Ps 51:16,17; 69:30,31; Isa 42:21; 53:10; Mt 3:17; Eph 5:2; Heb 1:3

Heb 9:12,14,15; 10:12,14; 1Pe 2:4,5; 1Jo 1:7; 4:9,10; Re 5:9

and the priest.

26,35

Leviticus 9:3

Take ye.

4:23; 16:5,15; Ezr 6:17; 10:19; Isa 53:10; Ro 8:3; 2Co 5:21

Tit 2:14; Heb 9:26-28; 1Pe 2:24; 3:18; Re 5:9

a kid.As the offering here is a kid, which was the sacrifice of the sin of the ruler, some think that the reading of the Samaritan and the LXX. is to be preferred: "Speak unto the Elders of Israel."

a calf.

both.

12:6; 14:10; 23:12; Ex 12:5

Leviticus 9:15

3; 4:27-31; 9:15; Nu 28:1-29:31; Isa 53:10; 2Co 5:21; Tit 2:14

Heb 2:17; 5:3

Numbers 28

1 Offerings are to be observed.

3 The continual burnt offering.

9 The offering on the sabbath;

11 on the new moons;

16 at the passover;

26 in the day of the first-fruits.

my bread.

Le 3:11; 21:6,8; Mal 1:7,12

for a sweet savour unto me. Heb. savour of my rest.

15:3,7,24; Ge 8:21; Ex 29:18; Le 1:9,13,17; 3:11; Eze 16:19

Eze 20:41; *marg:

2Co 2:15; Eph 5:2; Php 4:18

in their due season.The stated sacrifices and service of the tabernacle having, probably, been greatly interrupted for several years, and a new generation having arisen, who were children or minors when the law was given respecting these ordinances; and as they were now about to enter into the promised land, where they must be established and constantly observed; God commands Moses to repeat them to the people in the following order:--1. Daily: the morning and evening sacrifices; a lamb each time. (ver. 3, 4.) 2. Weekly: the sabbath offerings; two lambs of a year old. (ver. 9, 10.) 3. Monthly: at the beginning of each month, two young bullocks, one ram, and seven lambs of a year old, and a kid for a sin offering. (ver. 11-15.) 4. Annual: (1) the Passover to last seven days; the offerings, two young bullocks, one ram, seven lambs of a year old, and a he-goat. (ver. 16-25.) (2) The day of first-fruits: the sacrifices the same as on the beginning of the month. (ver. 26-31.)

9:2,3,7,13; Ex 23:15; Ps 81:3

two lambs.

Ex 29:38,39; Le 6:9; Eze 46:13-15; Joh 1:29; 1Pe 1:19,20; Re 13:8

day by day. Heb. in a day.

Da 8:13; 11:31; 12:11

and the other.

1Ki 18:29,36; Ezr 9:4,5; Ps 141:2; Da 9:21

at even. Heb. between the two evenings.

9:3; Ex 12:6; *marg:

15:4,5; Ex 16:36; 29:38-42; Le 2:1

a continual.

Ex 29:42; Le 6:9; 2Ch 2:4; 31:3; Ezr 3:4; Ps 50:8; Eze 46:14

Am 5:25

was ordained.

Ex 24:18; 29:38-42; 31:18

in the holy.

Ex 29:42

to be poured.

14,31; 15:5,7,10; Ex 29:40; 30:9; Le 23:13; Isa 57:6; Joe 1:9,13

Joe 2:14; Php 2:17; *Gr:

Ex 20:8-11; Ps 92:1-4; Isa 58:13; Eze 20:12; Re 1:10

the burnt.

Eze 46:4,5

the continual.

23; 29:6,11,16,19,22,25,31,34,38,39

in the beginnings.

10:10; 15:3-11; 1Sa 20:5; 2Ki 4:23; 1Ch 23:31; 2Ch 2:4; Ezr 3:5

Ne 10:33; Ps 40:6,8; 81:3; Isa 1:13,14; 66:23; Eze 45:17,18; 46:1,6

Ho 2:11; Am 3:5; Ga 4:10; Col 2:6,16

two young.

19; Heb 10:10-14

15:4-12; 29:10; Eze 46:5-7

for a burnt.

one kid.

22; 15:24; Le 4:23; 16:15; Ro 8:3; 2Co 5:21

beside.

3,10,11

9:3-5; Ex 12:2-11,18,43-49; Le 23:5-8; De 16:1-8; Eze 45:21-24

Mt 26:2,17; Lu 22:7,8; Ac 12:3,4; 1Co 5:7,8

Ex 12:15-17; 13:6; Le 23:6

Ex 12:16; Le 23:7,8

two young.

Eze 45:21-25

they shall.

31; 29:8; Le 22:20; De 15:21; Mal 1:13,14; 1Pe 1:19

3,10

on the seventh.

Ex 12:16; 13:6; Le 23:8

ye shall do.

18,26; 29:1,12,35; Le 23:3,8,21,25,35,36

in the day.

Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:10,15-21; De 16:9-11; Ac 2:1-13; 1Co 15:20

Jas 1:18

two young.

11,19; Le 23:18,19Bishop Patrick observes that no peace offerings are appointed in this chapter, which were chiefly for the benefit of the offerers, and therefore in them they were left more to themselves; but burnt offerings, which were purely for the honour of God, and confessions of his dominion, and which figured evangelical piety and devotion, by which the soul is wholly offered up to God, in the flames of holy love; and sin offerings, which were typical of Christ's sacrifice of himself, by which we and our services are perfected and sanctified.

15,22; 15:24; 2Co 5:21; Ga 3:13; 1Pe 2:24; 3:18

without blemish.

19; Mal 1:13,14

Numbers 29:1-31

1 The offering at the feast of trumpets;

7 at the day of afflicting their souls;

12 and on the eight days of the feast of tabernacles.

the seventh.That is, the month Tisri, the seventh month of their ecclesiastical year, but the first of their civil year, answering to our September. This, which was their new year's day, was a time of great festivity, and ushered in by the blowing of trumpets; whence it was also called the feast of blowing the trumpets. In imitation of this Jewish festival, different nations began the new year with sacrifices and festivity. The ancient Egyptians did so; and the Persians also celebrated their {nawee rooz,} or new year's day, which they held on the vernal equinox, and which "lasted ten days, during which all ranks seemed to participate in one general joy. The rich sent presents to the poor; all were dressed in their holiday clothes; all kept open house; and religious processions, music, dancing, a species of theatrical exhibition, rustic sports, and other pastimes, presented a continued round of varied amusement. Even the dead, and the ideal beings were not forgotten; rich viands being placed on the tops of houses and high towers, on the flavour of which the {Peris,} and spirits of their departed heroes and friends, were supposed to feast." After the Mohammedan conquest of Persia, the celebration of this period sensibly declined, and at last totally ceased, till the time of Jelaladdin (about A.D. 1082), who, coming to the crown at the vernal equinox, re-established the ancient festival, which has ever since been celebrated with pomp and acclamations.

Le 23:24,25; Ezr 3:6; Ne 7:73

the first day of the month.The monthly sacrifices were regulated by the new moons; and it is probable that the solemn sacrifices were appointed by God, to prevent the idolatry which was usual among the heathen at this period; who expressed the most extravagant rejoicings on the first appearance of the new moon. Moses, however, used the return of the moon only as one of the most natural and convenient measures of time; and appointed sacrifices to Jehovah, to prevent the Israelites from falling into the idolatries of their heathen neighbours. In the serene climate of Arabia and Judea, its first faint crescent is, for the most part, visible to all.

blowing.

10:1-10; 1Ch 15:28; Ps 81:3; 89:15; Isa 27:13; Zec 9:14

Mr 16:15,16; Ro 10:14-18; 15:16-19

8,36; 28:19,27; Heb 10:10-14

28:15,22,30

the burnt.

28:11-15

the daily.

28:3-8; Ex 29:38-42; Le 6:9

according.

18,21; 9:14; 15:11,12,24; Ezr 3:4

on the tenth.

Le 16:29-31; 23:27

afflict.

Le 16:29; Ezr 8:21; Ps 35:13; 126:5,6; Isa 22:12; 58:3-5; Zec 7:3

Zec 12:10; Mt 5:4; Lu 13:3,5; Ac 27:9; Ro 6:6; 1Co 9:27; 2Co 7:9-11

Jas 4:8-10

without blemish.

2,13; 28:19

15:3-12

beside.

Le 16:3,5,9; Isa 53:10; Da 9:24-26; Heb 7:27; 9:25-28

the continual.

6; 28:3-8

the fifteenth day.This was the feast of Tabernacles, kept in commemoration of their dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years. The first and last days were to be kept as sabbaths, on which there were solemn assemblies; and for seven days sacrifices were offered. On the other festivals, two bullocks sufficed, (ch. 28:11, 19, 27), and on the festival at the beginning of this month, only one was appointed; but, on the first day of this festival, thirteen young bullocks were appointed; and so on each successive day, with the decrease of only one bullock, till on the seventh day, there were only seven, making in all seventy bullocks. The lambs, and the rams also, were in a double proportion to the number sacrificed at any other festival. This was an expensive service; but more easy at this time of the year than any other, as Bishop Patrick observes, because now their barns were full, and their wine-presses overflowed; and their hearts might well be supposed to be more enlarged than at other times, in thankfulness to God for the multitude of his mercies. The Jewish doctors give this reason for the daily diminution of the number of the bullocks: the whole number, say they, was according to the languages of the seventy nations of the world; and the diminution of one every day signified, that there should be a gradual diminution of those nations till all things were brought under the government of the Messiah; in whose days "no sacrifices shall remain, but those of thanksgiving, prayer, and praise."

Ex 23:16; 34:22; Le 23:33-43; De 16:13,14; Ne 8:14,18; Eze 45:25

Zec 14:16-19; Joh 1:14; Heb 11:9-13

thirteen young bullocks.

2,8; 28:11,19,27; Ezr 3:4; Heb 10:12-14At this feast thirteen bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs, were to be offered. It is worthy of remark, that in each of the seven days of this feast one bullock is to be abated, so that on the seventh day (ver. 32) they were to offer seven bullocks, but the rams and lambs were every day alike; which appointment might signify a diminishing and wearing away of the legal offerings, to lead them to the spiritual and reasonable service, by presenting their own bodies a living sacrifice, holy, and acceptable unto God.

Ro 12:1

13,20-40; Ps 40:6; 50:8,9; 51:16,17; 69:31; Isa 1:11; Jer 7:22,23

Ho 6:6; Ro 12:1; Heb 8:13; 9:3-14

after the manner.That is, after the manner already prescribed.

3,4,6,9,10; 15:4-12; 28:7,14

11,22,25; Am 8:14

after the manner.

drink offering.

Ps 16:4; Joe 1:9,13; 2:14

11; Joh 8:31; Ac 13:43; Ro 2:7; Ga 2:5; 6:9; 2Th 3:13; Heb 3:14

Heb 10:39; 13:15