Ecclesiastes 1:1-2

All Is Vanity

1The words of athe Preacher,
Or Convener, or Collector; Hebrew Qoheleth (so throughout Ecclesiastes)
the son of David, cking in Jerusalem.

2 dVanity
The Hebrew term hebel, translated vanity or vain, refers concretely to a “mist,” “vapor,” or “mere breath,” and metaphorically to something that is fleeting or elusive (with different nuances depending on the context). It appears five times in this verse and in 29 other verses in Ecclesiastes
of vanities, says fthe Preacher,
gvanity of vanities! hAll is vanity.

Ecclesiastes 12:8-10

8 iVanity
The Hebrew term hebel can refer to a “vapor” or “mere breath” (three times in this verse); see note on 1:2
of vanities, says kthe Preacher; all is vanity.

Fear God and Keep His Commandments

9Besides being wise, lthe Preacher also taught the people knowledge, weighing and studying and arranging mmany proverbs with great care. 10 nThe Preacher sought to find words of delight, and uprightly he wrote words of truth.

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