Act 1:3 | KingComments | STEP | Preface The book of Acts describes the birth and formation of the church, God’s heavenly people. That the church could come into being and be formed, is the impressive result of the work of the Lord Jesus as described in the Gospels. The coming into being and the formation happen because God the Holy Spirit comes to live in the church. Balaam once, under the mighty action of God’s Spirit, proclaimed: “Behold, a people [who] dwells apart, and will not be reckoned among the nations” ( ). His exclamation concerned God’s earthly people, Israel. Just as Israel was formerly set apart by God from all nations as a people for Himself, so it is now with the church. God has taken a people from among the nations for Himself, for His Name ( ). The church consists of all those who have turned to God with confession and repentance about their sins. They have accepted the Lord Jesus as Savior with their heart in faith and acknowledge Him in the practice of their life as Lord ( ). That people is a heavenly people, connected with a Lord in heaven and a future in the Father’s house. In Acts we see how this people of God is becoming more and more manifest in a world in which they are, but where they are not part of and do not belong to ( ). The history of this people is determined by the Holy Spirit in this book of the Bible. That is why the call, as it used to sound from the top of the rocks about Israel, can now sound about the church from the high, where the Lord Jesus is: ”Behold, a people.” If we accept the teaching of this book, we will wholeheartedly agree to this. Ger de Koning Middelburg, December 2009 – new version 2020, translated 2020 Introduction to the book of Acts The book of Acts can be roughly divided according to the ministry of the two main persons whose ministry is described in this book. They are the special instruments of the Holy Spirit. Prior to that description we find the starting point for that service: the resurrected and glorified Lord in heaven. 1. The risen and glorified Lord (Acts 1). 2. The ministry of Peter for Jews and Samaritans (Acts 2-12). 3. Paul’s ministry to the nations (Acts 13-28). The book of Acts is the transition between the Gospels and the Letters. We could call this book the book of Exodus of the New Testament (whereby the Gospels can then be understood as the book of Genesis, the beginning). We read in Acts as well as in Exodus about a people delivered by God from a slave yoke. God delivers a people from the world to be His people and delivers them from the yoke of the law (Jew) and the yoke of sin (Gentile and Jew). As in Exodus, God’s goal in Acts is the deliverance of this people to dwell among them. God comes to dwell in the Holy Spirit in the church – the name of God’s people in the New Testament. God can only dwell with a redeemed people. God did not dwell with Adam or Abraham, but with Israel after the people were delivered from Egypt. God the Holy Spirit could only come to earth to dwell in the church after the Lord Jesus had accomplished the work of redemption and returned to heaven ( ). The new starting point of God’s action is the resurrected and glorified Man Christ Jesus. The Holy Spirit has worked on earth since the foundation of the world. Thus He was moving over the surface of the waters ( ) and inspired the prophets ( ). Through Him God did everything on earth and in heaven. But, as said, He could only come to dwell on earth after the Lord Jesus had been glorified. He now dwells in the church as a whole ( ) and in each believer individually ( ; ). Luke, the author of this book, tells in the Gospel written by him about the birth, life, death and ascension of the Founder of the church. In Acts he tells about the birth and first life of the church. He tells about the birth of local churches and what kind of churches they are. Because of this we better understand the letters that have been written to some of those churches. These are the letters we find in the New Testament after the book of Acts. The book shows the development and expansion of a small Jewish movement to a worldwide religious community. Thereby, so to speak, the Jewish burial cloths are, removed from the New Testament church and its special character as a community, in which Jew and Gentile are one body in Christ, is confirmed. It is good to see that Luke begins Acts with the event with which he ends his Gospel: the ascension of the Lord Jesus. Acts does not seamlessly connect to the Gospel to Luke, but there is an overlap. At the end of his Gospel, Luke presents the Lord Jesus as the glorified Man Who enters heaven as the crowning of His ministry and His accomplished work on the cross. Luke starts his book of Acts with the ascension of the Lord Jesus to heaven and taking His place there as the glorified Man. The position the Lord Jesus holds there is the starting point of the work of God’s Spirit on earth. All its consequences are unfolded in this book, starting with the sending of the Holy Spirit through which the formation of the church is immediate. In all actions described in this book we see Christ acting from the glory. For example, we see that He designates the twelfth apostle from heaven, that He sends the Holy Spirit, that He adds to the church, that healing and deliverance happen through His Name. In Exodus God, while performing signs and wonders, leads His earthly people out of Egypt to be His people in the period of the Old Testament. In the same way, God’s heavenly people are led out of the world during the New Testament period, while performing signs and wonders, to be His people. The book deals with the wondrous works of God in the new creation. He wants to testify of this in the old creation by a Witness Who is none other than His own Spirit. The book begins in Jerusalem and ends in Rome. There is the man, who is the chosen instrument of the Spirit to bear the testimony of the glorified Man in heaven in the world, in captivity. That brings us to yet another aspect of this impressive book. In this book, Luke gives us a precise description of the history of the origins of Christendom. But in the last chapter we read about the situation that has arisen over the years, namely that Christendom is called a ‘sect’ that ‘is spoken against everywhere’ ( ). That is why we can also see this book that Luke has written as a defense of Christendom. In this sense, it also has great practical significance for anyone who is or wants to be convinced that the truth of God and His Son can only be found in Christendom. “The first account” Luke “composed” is his Gospel, which, like this book of Acts, he wrote to a certain “Theophilus”. The contents of his Gospel concern everything the Lord Jesus both did and taught when He was bodily on earth. Luke speaks in this context about what the Lord “began” to do and teach. This means that He still continues to do so, even though He is no longer bodily visible and tangibly present. The work is not yet finished. We see that in this book, which describes how He works in a powerful way from heaven through His Spirit on earth. He still does that, today also through us. Luke has described in his Gospel what the Lord began “to do and teach”. Doing and teaching belong together. With Him ‘doing’ comes first. He was the vivid embodiment of what He taught. He Himself did what He taught others. His actions were no different than His words. We often say more than we show in practice. Our words often go beyond our actions. A holy life gives tremendous power to what we preach. Luke has described in his Gospel the life of the Lord on earth until the day of His ascension. In this first chapter of Acts he describes that ascension again because it is the starting point for this book. The ascension of the Lord is decisive for everything else that happens on earth through and for Him. The importance of His ascension is also shown by the fact that the expression ”taken up”, or “lifted up”, appears four times in this chapter ( ). Luke also points out that after His resurrection, just as during His life until His death, the Lord Jesus did everything “by the Holy Spirit” ( ; ). It reminds us that we too will possess the Holy Spirit after our resurrection as before ( ). By the Holy Spirit, He gave His orders to the apostles chosen by Him when He began to travel through Israel ( ). To encourage them in that mission, He manifested Himself to them alive after He had suffered. His disciples needed that encouragement because they were depressed by what had happened to Him. They had believed that He was the Messiah Who would establish His promised kingdom. But instead of reigning, He suffered and died. They thought it was all over, but He presented Himself alive to them and to many others as well. He also gave “many convincing proofs” that it was really Him. He appeared on all sorts of occasions, also showing in words and deeds that He was the same Lord Who was dead, but is now alive. We can read in the Gospels how He made Himself known to the two disciples going to Emmaus, how He appeared to His disciples several times, how He restored Peter in his service for Him, how He comforted Mary Magdalene. It is also our calling to present ourselves ‘alive’. This means for us to manifest Christ in our life. It means that we live for God, that we are visible to people and that we do not resemble the dead ( ). The period in which the Lord presented Himself to His disciples was “forty days”. The number forty is the number of trial. For example, Israel was in the wilderness for forty years and the Lord Jesus was tempted in the wilderness for forty days. During those forty days, the Lord spoke with them about “the things concerning the kingdom of God”. The kingdom of God is the kingdom over which God rules through His Son. That kingdom was promised in the Old Testament, but when the kingdom came in the Person of His King, He was rejected. Thus, the kingdom has been postponed as far as its public appearance on earth is concerned. Until it will be established publicly on earth, it takes on a hidden form. The kingdom of God has been established since the ascension of Christ in the hearts of people who acknowledge Him as their Lord. His reign over their lives becomes visible when they let themselves be guided by the Holy Spirit. In such lives “righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit” becomes visible ( ).

‏ Acts 1:3

Introduction

Preface

The book of Acts describes the birth and formation of the church, God’s heavenly people. That the church could come into being and be formed, is the impressive result of the work of the Lord Jesus as described in the Gospels. The coming into being and the formation happen because God the Holy Spirit comes to live in the church.

Balaam once, under the mighty action of God’s Spirit, proclaimed: “Behold, a people [who] dwells apart, and will not be reckoned among the nations” (Num 23:9b). His exclamation concerned God’s earthly people, Israel. Just as Israel was formerly set apart by God from all nations as a people for Himself, so it is now with the church. God has taken a people from among the nations for Himself, for His Name (Acts 15:14).

The church consists of all those who have turned to God with confession and repentance about their sins. They have accepted the Lord Jesus as Savior with their heart in faith and acknowledge Him in the practice of their life as Lord (Rom 10:8-10). That people is a heavenly people, connected with a Lord in heaven and a future in the Father’s house.

In Acts we see how this people of God is becoming more and more manifest in a world in which they are, but where they are not part of and do not belong to (Jn 17:16). The history of this people is determined by the Holy Spirit in this book of the Bible. That is why the call, as it used to sound from the top of the rocks about Israel, can now sound about the church from the high, where the Lord Jesus is: ”Behold, a people.” If we accept the teaching of this book, we will wholeheartedly agree to this.

Ger de Koning

Middelburg, December 2009 – new version 2020, translated 2020

Introduction to the book of Acts

The book of Acts can be roughly divided according to the ministry of the two main persons whose ministry is described in this book. They are the special instruments of the Holy Spirit. Prior to that description we find the starting point for that service: the resurrected and glorified Lord in heaven.

1. The risen and glorified Lord (Acts 1).

2. The ministry of Peter for Jews and Samaritans (Acts 2-12).

3. Paul’s ministry to the nations (Acts 13-28).

The book of Acts is the transition between the Gospels and the Letters. We could call this book the book of Exodus of the New Testament (whereby the Gospels can then be understood as the book of Genesis, the beginning). We read in Acts as well as in Exodus about a people delivered by God from a slave yoke. God delivers a people from the world to be His people and delivers them from the yoke of the law (Jew) and the yoke of sin (Gentile and Jew). As in Exodus, God’s goal in Acts is the deliverance of this people to dwell among them. God comes to dwell in the Holy Spirit in the church – the name of God’s people in the New Testament.

God can only dwell with a redeemed people. God did not dwell with Adam or Abraham, but with Israel after the people were delivered from Egypt. God the Holy Spirit could only come to earth to dwell in the church after the Lord Jesus had accomplished the work of redemption and returned to heaven (Jn 7:39). The new starting point of God’s action is the resurrected and glorified Man Christ Jesus.

The Holy Spirit has worked on earth since the foundation of the world. Thus He was moving over the surface of the waters (Gen 1:2) and inspired the prophets (2Pet 1:21). Through Him God did everything on earth and in heaven. But, as said, He could only come to dwell on earth after the Lord Jesus had been glorified. He now dwells in the church as a whole (1Cor 3:16) and in each believer individually (Eph 1:13; 1Cor 6:19).

Luke, the author of this book, tells in the Gospel written by him about the birth, life, death and ascension of the Founder of the church. In Acts he tells about the birth and first life of the church. He tells about the birth of local churches and what kind of churches they are. Because of this we better understand the letters that have been written to some of those churches. These are the letters we find in the New Testament after the book of Acts.

The book shows the development and expansion of a small Jewish movement to a worldwide religious community. Thereby, so to speak, the Jewish burial cloths are, removed from the New Testament church and its special character as a community, in which Jew and Gentile are one body in Christ, is confirmed.

It is good to see that Luke begins Acts with the event with which he ends his Gospel: the ascension of the Lord Jesus. Acts does not seamlessly connect to the Gospel to Luke, but there is an overlap. At the end of his Gospel, Luke presents the Lord Jesus as the glorified Man Who enters heaven as the crowning of His ministry and His accomplished work on the cross. Luke starts his book of Acts with the ascension of the Lord Jesus to heaven and taking His place there as the glorified Man.

The position the Lord Jesus holds there is the starting point of the work of God’s Spirit on earth. All its consequences are unfolded in this book, starting with the sending of the Holy Spirit through which the formation of the church is immediate.

In all actions described in this book we see Christ acting from the glory. For example, we see that He designates the twelfth apostle from heaven, that He sends the Holy Spirit, that He adds to the church, that healing and deliverance happen through His Name. In Exodus God, while performing signs and wonders, leads His earthly people out of Egypt to be His people in the period of the Old Testament. In the same way, God’s heavenly people are led out of the world during the New Testament period, while performing signs and wonders, to be His people.

The book deals with the wondrous works of God in the new creation. He wants to testify of this in the old creation by a Witness Who is none other than His own Spirit.

The book begins in Jerusalem and ends in Rome. There is the man, who is the chosen instrument of the Spirit to bear the testimony of the glorified Man in heaven in the world, in captivity. That brings us to yet another aspect of this impressive book. In this book, Luke gives us a precise description of the history of the origins of Christendom. But in the last chapter we read about the situation that has arisen over the years, namely that Christendom is called a ‘sect’ that ‘is spoken against everywhere’ (Acts 28:22).

That is why we can also see this book that Luke has written as a defense of Christendom. In this sense, it also has great practical significance for anyone who is or wants to be convinced that the truth of God and His Son can only be found in Christendom.

A Look Back

“The first account” Luke “composed” is his Gospel, which, like this book of Acts, he wrote to a certain “Theophilus”. The contents of his Gospel concern everything the Lord Jesus both did and taught when He was bodily on earth. Luke speaks in this context about what the Lord “began” to do and teach. This means that He still continues to do so, even though He is no longer bodily visible and tangibly present. The work is not yet finished. We see that in this book, which describes how He works in a powerful way from heaven through His Spirit on earth. He still does that, today also through us.

Luke has described in his Gospel what the Lord began “to do and teach”. Doing and teaching belong together. With Him ‘doing’ comes first. He was the vivid embodiment of what He taught. He Himself did what He taught others. His actions were no different than His words. We often say more than we show in practice. Our words often go beyond our actions. A holy life gives tremendous power to what we preach.

Luke has described in his Gospel the life of the Lord on earth until the day of His ascension. In this first chapter of Acts he describes that ascension again because it is the starting point for this book. The ascension of the Lord is decisive for everything else that happens on earth through and for Him. The importance of His ascension is also shown by the fact that the expression ”taken up”, or “lifted up”, appears four times in this chapter (Acts 1:2 ; 9 ; 11 ; 22).

Luke also points out that after His resurrection, just as during His life until His death, the Lord Jesus did everything “by the Holy Spirit” (Acts 10:38; Heb 9:14). It reminds us that we too will possess the Holy Spirit after our resurrection as before (Jn 14:16). By the Holy Spirit, He gave His orders to the apostles chosen by Him when He began to travel through Israel (Lk 6:13). To encourage them in that mission, He manifested Himself to them alive after He had suffered.

His disciples needed that encouragement because they were depressed by what had happened to Him. They had believed that He was the Messiah Who would establish His promised kingdom. But instead of reigning, He suffered and died. They thought it was all over, but He presented Himself alive to them and to many others as well.

He also gave “many convincing proofs” that it was really Him. He appeared on all sorts of occasions, also showing in words and deeds that He was the same Lord Who was dead, but is now alive. We can read in the Gospels how He made Himself known to the two disciples going to Emmaus, how He appeared to His disciples several times, how He restored Peter in his service for Him, how He comforted Mary Magdalene.

It is also our calling to present ourselves ‘alive’. This means for us to manifest Christ in our life. It means that we live for God, that we are visible to people and that we do not resemble the dead (Eph 5:14).

The period in which the Lord presented Himself to His disciples was “forty days”. The number forty is the number of trial. For example, Israel was in the wilderness for forty years and the Lord Jesus was tempted in the wilderness for forty days. During those forty days, the Lord spoke with them about “the things concerning the kingdom of God”. The kingdom of God is the kingdom over which God rules through His Son. That kingdom was promised in the Old Testament, but when the kingdom came in the Person of His King, He was rejected.

Thus, the kingdom has been postponed as far as its public appearance on earth is concerned. Until it will be established publicly on earth, it takes on a hidden form. The kingdom of God has been established since the ascension of Christ in the hearts of people who acknowledge Him as their Lord. His reign over their lives becomes visible when they let themselves be guided by the Holy Spirit. In such lives “righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit” becomes visible (Rom 14:17b).