Isa 40:2 | KingComments | STEP | Overview main part 2.1 – Isaiah 40-48 The sovereignty and promise of the LORD The first part of the second main part (Isaiah 40-66) includes Isaiah 40-48 and can be divided as follows: 1. Good news for Jerusalem (Isaiah 40:1-11) 2. God, the Incomparable (Isaiah 40:12-31) 3. God, the Lord of history for His people (Isaiah 41:1-29) 4. The Servant of the LORD (Isaiah 42:1-25) 5. Grace abundant and despised (Isaiah 43:1-28) 6. Israel’s great God and the folly of idolatry (Isaiah 44:1-23) 7. God’s acts through Cyrus for Jerusalem (Isaiah 44:24-45:25) 8. The useless idols and the LORD Almighty (Isaiah 46:1-13) 9. The fall of the proud Babylon (Isaiah 47:1-15) 10. God’s purpose of grace (Isaiah 48:1-22) Introduction to Isaiah 40 With Isaiah 40 begins the second great main part of Isaiah that continues to the end of the book. This second main part begins with the promise of the forerunner, John the baptist ( ), and ends with the new heaven and the new earth ( ). The first main part focuses especially on the past history of Israel and its future, as well as those of the nations with which it has to deal. It is about the work of God to deliver Israel as a people from the power of the nations – represented by Assyria – and the restoration of Israel as a nation. In the second main part it is mainly about the work of God in the heart, to make the heart turn to Him. For this the people must be delivered from the power of Babylon, prophetically the religious power of the future. This second main part can be divided into three parts. Each part contains nine chapters: 1. Isaiah 40-48 2. Isaiah 49-57 3. Isaiah 58-66 The subject through all these chapters is twofold. They contain the call to repentance and the promise of salvation. In connection with the first subject, the call to repentance, each part concludes with an earnest warning to the wicked ( ). This same warning marks the division into three parts of nine chapters each. The call to repentance is based on the faithfulness of God. God remains faithful despite our unfaithfulness. This is shown in Isaiah 7-39. For everyone who wants to trust Him, like King Hezekiah ( ), there is always salvation. The same goes for Israel ( ). Serving the LORD is only possible for Israel if the people learn to trust in the undeserved grace of God, a God Who, despite their disobedience, offers salvation without money and without price ( ). In the first part, Isaiah 40-48, the prophet speaks to the people because of their idolatry. He presents two contrasts to the people: 1. the contrast between the LORD God of Israel and the idols, and 2. the contrast between Israel and the nations. Idolatry is the first great sin of Israel, especially of the ten tribes realm. In the second part, Isaiah 49-57, his indictment is that they rejected the Messiah. In this part he presents the contrast between the suffering of the Servant of the LORD and His future glory. The rejection of the Messiah is the second great sin of Israel, especially of the two tribes realm, Judah. In the third part, Isaiah 58-66, he shows the contrast between the hypocrites and rebels, the apostates who follow the antichrist, and the faithful and persecuted, the believing remnant of Israel. In each of the three parts we see an aspect of the actions of the triune God: 1. The Person of the Savior – presented by God (Isaiah 40-48). 2. The work of salvation – performed by the Son, the perfect Servant of the LORD (Isaiah 49-57). 3. The salvation – effected by the Holy Spirit (Isaiah 58-66). God’s actions for Israel will take place in grace and love (cf. ). In this second main part of Isaiah we see the result of these actions of God in the hearts of the believing remnant of Israel. The first part (Isaiah 40-48) speaks of several glories. We read about the glory 1. of the LORD (Isaiah 40; see ), 2. of His counsel (Isaiah 41), 3. of His grace (Isaiah 42-43; see ), 4. of His promises (Isaiah 44-45) and 5. of His power (Isaiah 46-48). The famous, unparalleled Isaiah 53 is the middle chapter of the second (middle) part of these three parts of Isaiah. Since it is clear from the first part of Isaiah (Isaiah 1-39) how the true condition of the people of Israel is, the question arises whether this is the end of the book of Isaiah. Does the judgment on Israel – Maher-shalal-hash-baz, means ‘swift is the booty, speedy is the prey’, the name of the second son of Isaiah ( ) – have the last word? The answer is a surprising one. God is not a God with whom judgment has the last word. He is a God of salvation – after all, that is the meaning of the name ‘Isaiah’. This is now shown in the second part of Isaiah, Isaiah 40-66, where the meaning of the name of the first son of Isaiah, Shear-jashub ( ) – meaning ‘a remnant will return’ – will be fulfilled. are the introduction to a new section. In four balanced stanzas a foundation is laid for the message given to us in the rest of the book. In it we see confirmed that from now on the message is not judgment, but 1. the restoration of Israel ( ); 2. that restoration is a personal intervention of God ( ); 3. that no power of men will be able to stop it ( ); 4. that thereby the gospel of God’s power and mercy is proclaimed ( ). These verses are in fact the title of the second main part of the book. This chapter begins with words that are a great encouragement to the suffering faithful remnant now and also prophetic in the great tribulation. The prophet Isaiah is instructed to comfort the people of God. God wants to comfort His people through His prophets (cf. ). They are comforted by their God Who knows the urgent need for this ( ). Hence the repetition of the word ‘comfort’. It is the fulfillment of the promise of Isaiah 12 ( ). Comfort literally means ‘deep sighing, relief’. That is why this second part of Isaiah is also called ‘the Book of Comfort’ with Isaiah 53 as the center and climax. It is also telling that the dwelling place of the Lord Jesus on earth is the village of Capernaum. Capernaum means ‘village of comfort’. The words “says your God” mean that this comfort is only promised to those who are in relation to God, to whom “your God” can be said. These words also imply the certainty of comfort because God says it. The order of comfort is emphasized by adding to “speak kindly to Jerusalem”, literally it says “speak to the heart of Jerusalem”. This means that comfort must be spoken to Jerusalem because God wants to win the heart through comfort ( ; cf. ; ; ). For the time of her suffering is almost ended and her iniquity is removed. The punishment is almost over and she will soon be able to go out freely, away from Babylon, back to God’s land and city. The call “call out to her” has the meaning “declare!”, “proclaim!” Then three things are mentioned: 1. The time of her suffering is accomplished. The punishment – that is time of suffering, battle, originally: military service – is over and she can go out freely, away from Babylon, back to God’s land and city. 2. Her iniquity has been removed – “He was crushed for our iniquities” ( ). 3. She has received double for all her sins – the exile and the great tribulation have done their work in heart and conscience, as it did with Joseph’s brothers in prison (Genesis 44-45). The foundation for the removing (or: atonement) will be laid by the Lord Jesus, the Servant of the LORD, on the cross ( ). God’s holiness is satisfied through the atonement that will be made through the work of His Son, of which the value to Him is predetermined. Because of this, He can also allow to let the sins previously committed go unpunished ( ). Now that she has acknowledged her iniquity, there is complete forgiveness. She has received for “all her sins”. There is nothing more that requires judgment. That she has “received double” for her sins – that is, that she has received the full what she deserved ( ; ) – is in accordance with the law ( ). There is not only loss of property to be compensated for, but there is also emotional damage – God is dishonored – to be met. It may mean here that judgment has been exercised to the fullest extent on the double sin she has committed: idolatry (Isaiah 40-48) and rejection of the LORD and His law and Word (Isaiah 49-57). Instead of this, there is a double comfort: “Comfort, O comfort.” In the New Testament God reveals Himself as Comforter in three Persons. God the Father is the “God of all comfort” ( ). The Holy Spirit is called “Comforter” several times by the Lord Jesus ( ; “Helper” is “Comforter”). The Lord Jesus is also called the Comforter. The word “Advocate” in 1 John 2 can also be translated as “Comforter” ( ). Also the fact that the Lord calls the Holy Spirit “another Comforter” ( ), means that the Lord Jesus is the Comforter for His disciples until the coming of the Holy Spirit. The hallmark of the Lord Jesus is “to comfort all who mourn” ( ). Thus, in our way on earth, we may rejoice in the great privilege of the enduring presence of the triune God Who comforts us when we experience disappointments. In the end time there is also a double suffering of the remnant. The people have been in exile for many centuries now. Many have already returned to the land, many will return. Only now everything is still happening in unbelief. Because of the rejection of the Messiah and leading idolatry at its peak in accepting the antichrist, a man who declares himself to be God and erects an image to the beast in the temple ( ), the people will experience another terrible time. That time is known as ‘the great tribulation’. God will gather the nations against His people and discipline His people through the nations. Under that discipline, the believing remnant will suffer as much as the wicked mass. But the remnant will suffer double. They will suffer both from the enemies who are invading the land from outside of Israel and from the antichrist and the ungodly mass who are inside of Israel. In the realm of peace this remnant will receive double compensation ( ).

‏ Isaiah 40:2

Introduction

Overview main part 2.1 – Isaiah 40-48

The sovereignty and promise of the LORD

The first part of the second main part (Isaiah 40-66) includes Isaiah 40-48 and can be divided as follows:

1. Good news for Jerusalem (Isaiah 40:1-11)

2. God, the Incomparable (Isaiah 40:12-31)

3. God, the Lord of history for His people (Isaiah 41:1-29)

4. The Servant of the LORD (Isaiah 42:1-25)

5. Grace abundant and despised (Isaiah 43:1-28)

6. Israel’s great God and the folly of idolatry (Isaiah 44:1-23)

7. God’s acts through Cyrus for Jerusalem (Isaiah 44:24-45:25)

8. The useless idols and the LORD Almighty (Isaiah 46:1-13)

9. The fall of the proud Babylon (Isaiah 47:1-15)

10. God’s purpose of grace (Isaiah 48:1-22)

Introduction to Isaiah 40

With Isaiah 40 begins the second great main part of Isaiah that continues to the end of the book. This second main part begins with the promise of the forerunner, John the baptist (Isa 40:3), and ends with the new heaven and the new earth (Isa 66:22).

The first main part focuses especially on the past history of Israel and its future, as well as those of the nations with which it has to deal. It is about the work of God to deliver Israel as a people from the power of the nations – represented by Assyria – and the restoration of Israel as a nation. In the second main part it is mainly about the work of God in the heart, to make the heart turn to Him. For this the people must be delivered from the power of Babylon, prophetically the religious power of the future.

This second main part can be divided into three parts. Each part contains nine chapters:

1. Isaiah 40-48

2. Isaiah 49-57

3. Isaiah 58-66

The subject through all these chapters is twofold. They contain the call to repentance and the promise of salvation. In connection with the first subject, the call to repentance, each part concludes with an earnest warning to the wicked (Isa 48:22 ; Isa 57:21 ; Isa 66:24). This same warning marks the division into three parts of nine chapters each.

The call to repentance is based on the faithfulness of God. God remains faithful despite our unfaithfulness. This is shown in Isaiah 7-39. For everyone who wants to trust Him, like King Hezekiah (Isa 37:1-4 ; 14-20), there is always salvation. The same goes for Israel (Isa 44:24-26). Serving the LORD is only possible for Israel if the people learn to trust in the undeserved grace of God, a God Who, despite their disobedience, offers salvation without money and without price (Isa 55:1).

In the first part, Isaiah 40-48, the prophet speaks to the people because of their idolatry. He presents two contrasts to the people:

1. the contrast between the LORD God of Israel and the idols, and

2. the contrast between Israel and the nations.

Idolatry is the first great sin of Israel, especially of the ten tribes realm.

In the second part, Isaiah 49-57, his indictment is that they rejected the Messiah. In this part he presents the contrast between the suffering of the Servant of the LORD and His future glory. The rejection of the Messiah is the second great sin of Israel, especially of the two tribes realm, Judah.

In the third part, Isaiah 58-66, he shows the contrast between the hypocrites and rebels, the apostates who follow the antichrist, and the faithful and persecuted, the believing remnant of Israel.

In each of the three parts we see an aspect of the actions of the triune God:

1. The Person of the Savior – presented by God (Isaiah 40-48).

2. The work of salvation – performed by the Son, the perfect Servant of the LORD (Isaiah 49-57).

3. The salvation – effected by the Holy Spirit (Isaiah 58-66).

God’s actions for Israel will take place in grace and love (cf. Jer 31:2-3). In this second main part of Isaiah we see the result of these actions of God in the hearts of the believing remnant of Israel.

The first part (Isaiah 40-48) speaks of several glories. We read about the glory

1. of the LORD (Isaiah 40; see Isa 40:5),

2. of His counsel (Isaiah 41),

3. of His grace (Isaiah 42-43; see Isa 43:25),

4. of His promises (Isaiah 44-45) and

5. of His power (Isaiah 46-48).

The famous, unparalleled Isaiah 53 is the middle chapter of the second (middle) part of these three parts of Isaiah.

Since it is clear from the first part of Isaiah (Isaiah 1-39) how the true condition of the people of Israel is, the question arises whether this is the end of the book of Isaiah. Does the judgment on Israel – Maher-shalal-hash-baz, means ‘swift is the booty, speedy is the prey’, the name of the second son of Isaiah (Isa 8:1) – have the last word? The answer is a surprising one. God is not a God with whom judgment has the last word. He is a God of salvation – after all, that is the meaning of the name ‘Isaiah’. This is now shown in the second part of Isaiah, Isaiah 40-66, where the meaning of the name of the first son of Isaiah, Shear-jashub (Isa 7:3) – meaning ‘a remnant will return’ – will be fulfilled.

Isa 40:1-11 are the introduction to a new section. In four balanced stanzas a foundation is laid for the message given to us in the rest of the book. In it we see confirmed that from now on the message is not judgment, but

1. the restoration of Israel (Isa 40:1-2);

2. that restoration is a personal intervention of God (Isa 40:3-5);

3. that no power of men will be able to stop it (Isa 40:6-8);

4. that thereby the gospel of God’s power and mercy is proclaimed (Isa 40:9-11).

Comfort for God’s People

These verses are in fact the title of the second main part of the book. This chapter begins with words that are a great encouragement to the suffering faithful remnant now and also prophetic in the great tribulation. The prophet Isaiah is instructed to comfort the people of God. God wants to comfort His people through His prophets (cf. 1Cor 14:3). They are comforted by their God Who knows the urgent need for this (Isa 40:1). Hence the repetition of the word ‘comfort’. It is the fulfillment of the promise of Isaiah 12 (Isa 12:1).

Comfort literally means ‘deep sighing, relief’. That is why this second part of Isaiah is also called ‘the Book of Comfort’ with Isaiah 53 as the center and climax. It is also telling that the dwelling place of the Lord Jesus on earth is the village of Capernaum. Capernaum means ‘village of comfort’. The words “says your God” mean that this comfort is only promised to those who are in relation to God, to whom “your God” can be said. These words also imply the certainty of comfort because God says it.

The order of comfort is emphasized by adding to “speak kindly to Jerusalem”, literally it says “speak to the heart of Jerusalem”. This means that comfort must be spoken to Jerusalem because God wants to win the heart through comfort (Isa 40:2; cf. Gen 50:21; Rth 2:13; Hos 2:14). For the time of her suffering is almost ended and her iniquity is removed. The punishment is almost over and she will soon be able to go out freely, away from Babylon, back to God’s land and city.

The call “call out to her” has the meaning “declare!”, “proclaim!” Then three things are mentioned:

1. The time of her suffering is accomplished. The punishment – that is time of suffering, battle, originally: military service – is over and she can go out freely, away from Babylon, back to God’s land and city.

2. Her iniquity has been removed – “He was crushed for our iniquities” (Isa 53:5a).

3. She has received double for all her sins – the exile and the great tribulation have done their work in heart and conscience, as it did with Joseph’s brothers in prison (Genesis 44-45).

The foundation for the removing (or: atonement) will be laid by the Lord Jesus, the Servant of the LORD, on the cross (Isa 53:1-12). God’s holiness is satisfied through the atonement that will be made through the work of His Son, of which the value to Him is predetermined. Because of this, He can also allow to let the sins previously committed go unpunished (Rom 3:25). Now that she has acknowledged her iniquity, there is complete forgiveness.

She has received for “all her sins”. There is nothing more that requires judgment. That she has “received double” for her sins – that is, that she has received the full what she deserved (Isa 61:7; Jer 16:18) – is in accordance with the law (Exo 22:4). There is not only loss of property to be compensated for, but there is also emotional damage – God is dishonored – to be met. It may mean here that judgment has been exercised to the fullest extent on the double sin she has committed: idolatry (Isaiah 40-48) and rejection of the LORD and His law and Word (Isaiah 49-57). Instead of this, there is a double comfort: “Comfort, O comfort.”

In the New Testament God reveals Himself as Comforter in three Persons. God the Father is the “God of all comfort” (2Cor 1:3). The Holy Spirit is called “Comforter” several times by the Lord Jesus (Jn 14:16 ; 26 ; Jn 15:26 ; Jn 16:7; “Helper” is “Comforter”). The Lord Jesus is also called the Comforter. The word “Advocate” in 1 John 2 can also be translated as “Comforter” (1Jn 2:1). Also the fact that the Lord calls the Holy Spirit “another Comforter” (Jn 14:16), means that the Lord Jesus is the Comforter for His disciples until the coming of the Holy Spirit.

The hallmark of the Lord Jesus is “to comfort all who mourn” (Isa 61:2b). Thus, in our way on earth, we may rejoice in the great privilege of the enduring presence of the triune God Who comforts us when we experience disappointments.

In the end time there is also a double suffering of the remnant. The people have been in exile for many centuries now. Many have already returned to the land, many will return. Only now everything is still happening in unbelief. Because of the rejection of the Messiah and leading idolatry at its peak in accepting the antichrist, a man who declares himself to be God and erects an image to the beast in the temple (Rev 13:14), the people will experience another terrible time. That time is known as ‘the great tribulation’.

God will gather the nations against His people and discipline His people through the nations. Under that discipline, the believing remnant will suffer as much as the wicked mass. But the remnant will suffer double. They will suffer both from the enemies who are invading the land from outside of Israel and from the antichrist and the ungodly mass who are inside of Israel. In the realm of peace this remnant will receive double compensation (Isa 61:7).