Pro 20 | MHM | STEP | The Danger of Drunkenness This section warns about the serious problems caused by drinking too much alcohol. It explains how wine and strong drink can trick people, making them act foolishly and even dangerously. Drunkenness promises happiness but brings trouble instead. It also makes people unfit for good relationships and wise living. v. 1 : Wine makes people mockers, and strong drink leads to anger and wild behavior. At first, alcohol may seem pleasant, but in the end, it causes pain and regret— at the last it bites . Drunkenness stirs up trouble in the body and mind. When someone is drunk, they lose their good sense and may act like a fool or even a madman. Although drinking may seem like a way to have fun with others, it actually ruins friendships and causes people to say and do hurtful things (Proverbs 23:29 ). Anyone who lets themselves be fooled by alcohol shows they are not wise. Drunkenness clouds the mind and makes it hard to learn or make good choices. A drunk person is a fool, and will likely stay that way if they do not change.

‏ Proverbs 20

The Danger of Drunkenness

This section warns about the serious problems caused by drinking too much alcohol. It explains how wine and strong drink can trick people, making them act foolishly and even dangerously. Drunkenness promises happiness but brings trouble instead. It also makes people unfit for good relationships and wise living.

v. 1: Wine makes people mockers, and strong drink leads to anger and wild behavior. At first, alcohol may seem pleasant, but in the end, it causes pain and regret—at the last it bites. Drunkenness stirs up trouble in the body and mind. When someone is drunk, they lose their good sense and may act like a fool or even a madman. Although drinking may seem like a way to have fun with others, it actually ruins friendships and causes people to say and do hurtful things (Proverbs 23:29 ^a). Anyone who lets themselves be fooled by alcohol shows they are not wise. Drunkenness clouds the mind and makes it hard to learn or make good choices. A drunk person is a fool, and will likely stay that way if they do not change.

The Fear of a King’s Anger

This section teaches about the power and danger of a king’s anger. It explains that rulers can be frightening when they are angry, like a roaring lion. It also warns that it is unwise to make a king angry, because doing so can bring serious harm. The lesson also reminds us that it is even more dangerous to make God, the King of kings, angry.

v. 2: The anger of a king is compared to the roar of a lion. It is very frightening and can make people feel helpless. Some rulers lead with wisdom and kindness, and this is good. But others rule by fear and power, like a wild animal—their fear is as the roaring of a lion. It is not wise to argue with or provoke a ruler, because you may bring trouble on yourself—they sin against their own lives. This is even more true about God, the greatest King. No one can challenge Him and escape punishment—No one shall provoke me with impunity (Hebrews 10:31 ^b).

The Honor of Avoiding Quarrels

This section challenges common ideas about arguments and fighting. Many people think it is wise or brave to stand up for themselves in every disagreement, but this is actually foolish. True wisdom and honor come from being able to stop a quarrel, forgive others, and choose peace over conflict.

v. 3: It is not wise to get involved in arguments or to be quick to take offense. People sometimes believe it is a sign of strength to defend their pride and fight for every right, but this only brings trouble. The truth is, it is an honor for a man to cease from strife. It is much better to let go of arguments, forgive those who hurt you, and become friends again. A wise person shows self-control by ending a fight, even if it means giving up something for the sake of peace—like Abraham did (Genesis 13:8 ^c). Choosing peace instead of fighting shows real strength and wisdom.

The Consequences of Laziness

This section talks about the harm caused by laziness and the desire for an easy life. It explains how people who avoid hard work miss out on important opportunities and end up in need. The lesson also reminds us that a little difficulty should not stop us from doing what is necessary, both in our daily work and in our spiritual lives.

v. 4: The lazy person refuses to plough at the right time, often making excuses like the weather being too cold. Even though it is not the middle of winter, he thinks it is too uncomfortable to work. This shows how some people avoid even small amounts of effort or hardship. In the same way, many people avoid important spiritual duties because they do not want to face any challenge. But just as a good soldier must endure hardship, we must also be willing to work hard. If someone does not plough when it is time to plant, they cannot expect to harvest later. When other people are bringing in plenty, the lazy person will have to beg and will be surprised that he has nothing—they shall beg in harvest, and yet have nothing (Matthew 25:8-12 ^d). It may be kind to help lazy people, but it is also fair to let them face the results of their choices. Those who did not prepare will be left out when good things come.

The Value of Wise Understanding

This section teaches that true wisdom helps us understand both ourselves and others. People often keep their thoughts and plans hidden, but a wise person knows how to discover what is inside someone’s heart. Good conversation and careful questions can bring out helpful advice and hidden knowledge.

v. 5: People keep their thoughts and plans hidden, like deep water that is hard to reach. Some are very secretive about what they want or what they have done. But a wise person, through patience and good questions, can discover these secrets. In the same way, some people are full of good advice but are quiet and do not share easily. A man of understanding will draw it out, just like drawing water from a deep well. If we do not ask wisely, we may miss the chance to learn from others. Wisdom helps us learn from the people around us by encouraging them to share what they know.

True Loyalty and Kindness Are Rare

This section points out the difference between people who only talk about being good and those who actually show real kindness and faithfulness. Many claim to be generous or caring, but it is uncommon to find someone who truly lives out these qualities, especially when times are difficult.

v. 6: Many people like to talk about their kindness and good deeds. They boast about their charity, generosity, or piety, and want others to know what they have done—like sounding a trumpet for themselves, as the Pharisees did (Matthew 6:2 ^e). But it is very hard to find someone who is truly faithful and kind, someone who quietly does good and can be trusted even in hard times. Such a person is rare, like a black swan. Real loyalty and genuine love are much more valuable than empty words.

The Blessing of Integrity

This section honors the person who lives honestly and faithfully. It explains how walking in integrity brings peace to one's own life and also brings blessings to their family. Living with a good conscience protects a person from inner trouble and helps those who come after them.

v. 7: A good person lives by a clear rule—he walks in his integrity. He keeps a good conscience, and this gives him true comfort and joy. He does not worry about what he should do or feel guilty about what he has done, unlike those who are dishonest. Because of his honesty, his children are blessed after him. God shows kindness to the families of those who are faithful, and their children benefit from their parent's upright life (Psalm 112:2 ^f).

The Justice of a Good King

This section describes what makes a good ruler. A good king does not use his position just for honor or comfort but takes his job seriously. He sits on the throne to judge fairly, protect the innocent, and punish those who do wrong. When a leader is just and pays attention to what happens in his kingdom, evil is kept under control and people are encouraged to do good.

v. 8: A true king sits on the throne of judgment and works hard to do what is right. He does not leave everything to others, but looks into matters himself—just as Solomon did (1 Kings 10:9 ^g). When a ruler is fair and careful, he helps remove evil from his land. His presence and attention make people respect the law and avoid wrongdoing. If those with great power are also good, they can do much good and stop much evil.

No One Is Without Sin

This section reminds us that nobody can honestly say they are completely free from sin. It is a sad truth about human nature, showing that even the best people still have faults. The only people who are without sin are those in heaven. In this life, everyone has some weakness or wrongdoing, no matter how good they may seem.

v. 9: The question is asked, Who can say, "I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?" No one can truly make this claim—not even the most upright person. Adam could say this before he sinned, and people in heaven can say it, but no one living now can. Even if we have become better and avoided many sins, we cannot say that our hearts are perfectly clean. We also cannot say that we made ourselves clean; it is only by the Spirit of God. Every person struggles with their own sins, just like Paul did when he spoke of the body of death (Romans 7:24 ^h). We must be humble, knowing we always need God's help to be made pure.

Honesty in Business

This section talks about the importance of being honest and fair in all business dealings. It shows that using tricks to cheat others is hated by God, and He will not bless those who get rich by dishonest means.

v. 10: Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the Lord. The commentary explains that people often use tricks to deceive others in business, like having different weights or measures for buying and selling. For example, they might use a lighter weight when paying and a heavier one when receiving, or a smaller measure to sell and a larger one to buy. All these actions are planned to look fair but are actually cheating. God sees all these kinds of fraud and deceit, and He hates them. Whether you are buying or selling, God says that cheating is an abomination. He will not make dishonest business successful, and He will punish those who break the rules of justice. God will act as a judge against those who cheat others for money.

A Child Is Known by His Actions

This section teaches that just as a tree is recognized by its fruit, a person's character is revealed by their actions. Even children show their true nature through what they do. Parents and others can learn much by observing the behavior of young people.

v. 11: The verse says, "Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right". This means children show their character through their actions. You can see what their personality is like before they learn to hide their real feelings, unlike adults who often pretend. Parents should pay attention to their children’s actions to understand their strengths and weaknesses. In this way, they can guide them wisely, helping them grow in the right direction. As it is written, "Wisdom is profitable to direct"(Ecclesiastes 10:10 ⁱ).

God Gives Hearing and Sight

This section reminds us that all our abilities come from God. He is the creator of every part of our bodies, including our eyes and ears. We should use these gifts to honor Him. God not only gives us physical senses but also helps us understand spiritual things.

v. 12: The verse says, "The hearing ear and the seeing eye, the Lord has made them both". God created our eyes so we can see and our ears so we can hear. We depend on Him for these abilities every day. The Bible also says, "He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? He that formed the eye, shall he not see?"(Psalm 94:9 ^j). God gives us the ability to learn through seeing and hearing. Even more, He can open our minds to understand His truth, giving us spiritual hearing and sight.

Do Not Love Sleep

This section teaches about the dangers of laziness and the value of hard work. It warns that loving too much sleep can lead to poverty, while being active and alert brings enough for daily needs. Sleep is necessary, but it should not become an excuse to avoid work.

v. 13: The verse says, "Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; open thine eyes, and thou shalt be satisfied with bread". If you spend too much time sleeping and avoid your responsibilities, you may end up lacking what you need. Sleep is important for health, but it should only be taken as much as is needed to do your work well. People who love sleep for its own sake often become lazy and careless, which can lead to poverty. On the other hand, if you wake up and pay attention to your work, you will have enough to eat. Even if you do not become rich, you will have what you need, and that is a great blessing.

False Bargaining in Buying and Selling

This section talks about how people often use tricks when buying and selling. Buyers sometimes pretend something is not valuable to get a lower price, and then feel proud when they get a good deal. This behavior is common, but it is not honest. Both buyers and sellers should act fairly and speak the truth.

v. 14: The verse says, "It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone his way, then he boasteth". People often complain about goods to lower the price, saying, "It is naught, it is naught,"even when they know it is good. After they make the deal, they brag about how clever they were. This shows pride and dishonesty. The buyer may act like the goods are not worth much, but once the bargain is made, he is happy and proud of what he has bought. Such tricks are common, but they are not right. It is better to be honest and fair in every deal.

The Value of Knowledge

This section teaches that true wisdom is much more valuable than gold or precious jewels. While money and riches can be found easily, it is rare to find someone who speaks with real understanding. Wisdom and good words bring greater blessings than wealth.

v. 15: The verse says, "There is gold, and a multitude of rubies: but the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel". Gold and jewels may be common for some people, but not everyone has wise words or understanding. In the days of King Solomon, gold and rubies were everywhere (1 Kings 10:21 ^k), but wisdom was still hard to find. A person who can speak wisely and share good knowledge is more valuable than any treasure. Such wisdom makes a person truly rich—rich in good works and in the sight of God (1 Timothy 2:9-10 ^l). Those who have the lips of knowledge know that spiritual riches are far better than any amount of gold or jewels.

Be Careful with Promises and Relationships

This section warns us about two types of risky behavior that can lead people to lose everything. It teaches that being too quick to promise money for others or getting involved with people who make bad choices can bring poverty. We should always be wise and cautious in these matters.

v. 16: The verse says, "Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a pledge of him for a strange woman". If someone promises to pay debts for people he does not know well, he is putting himself in danger of losing his money. Such people often end up poor because they make foolish promises. The same warning is given about people who spend time with those who lead others into trouble, like the "strange woman." These relationships can also lead to poverty. So, it is wise not to trust people like this without good security or a pledge. These warnings show us the importance of careful choices in both our friendships and our promises.

The Deceitfulness of Sinful Gain

This section warns that doing wrong or cheating to get what you want might feel enjoyable at first, but it will always lead to disappointment and regret in the end. Sinful pleasures are temporary and will turn bitter when the truth comes out or when a person thinks about what they have done.

v. 17: The verse says, "Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel". At first, people may enjoy wealth or success that comes from lying, cheating, or oppressing others. This kind of gain is called the "bread of deceit." It feels sweet for a short time, like forbidden fruit that tempts many people. However, this pleasure does not last. When a person remembers how the gain was made, or when they feel God’s anger for their sin, the memory becomes painful. It is as if their mouth is filled with gravel—something that hurts and cannot be enjoyed. The Bible reminds us that the pleasures of sin are but for a season(Hebrews 11:25 ^m), but sorrow follows soon after.

The Importance of Wise Counsel

This section teaches us to think carefully before making decisions, especially big ones. It is wise to ask for advice from others and to seek guidance from God. Careful planning helps us succeed, while rushing into things often leads to regret. This is true for all areas of life, but especially when facing conflict or important choices.

v. 18: The verse says, "Every purpose is established by counsel: and with good advice make war". We should not act quickly or carelessly. Instead, we should take time to think and ask for advice, especially from God. This helps us make good decisions and avoid mistakes. When it comes to serious matters like war, it is even more important to get advice and consider if it is the right thing to do. Jesus also taught about counting the cost before going to war (Luke 14:31 ⁿ). Even in legal matters, which are like a kind of war, we should seek good advice (Proverbs 25:8 ^o). Wise planning and counsel lead to success and peace.

Avoid Tale-Bearers and Flatterers

This section warns us to be careful about who we trust. Some people like to spread gossip and secrets, while others use flattery to get close to us. Both types can cause trouble and should not be our close friends.

v. 19: The verse says, "He that goeth about as a tale-bearer revealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips". Tale-bearers are people who go around sharing stories and secrets, sometimes things they should not even know. They can make people suspicious of each other and create problems among friends and neighbors. It is wise not to trust them or even listen to their gossip, because if they talk about others, they will talk about you, too. Flatterers often act this way as well. They say nice things to your face, but they might use what you say against you later. So, do not share your secrets with someone just because they compliment you. It is better to be careful and keep your trust for honest people.

The Danger of Dishonoring Parents

This section warns about the serious consequences of disrespecting parents. It explains how a child who starts by ignoring or disobeying their parents can become much worse over time. This kind of behavior goes against God’s law and leads to both shame and loss in life.

v. 20: The verse says, "Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness". A child who curses or speaks badly about their parents is breaking God’s command, which was even punished by death in the law of Moses (Exodus 21:17; Matthew 15:4 ^p). This person is not only ungrateful but also openly defies what is right. The result is that their “lamp” — meaning their life, happiness, and honor — will be put out in deep darkness. Such a person will lose their reputation, peace, and even their future. Their days may be shortened, and their family may suffer. In the end, this can lead to eternal darkness, as described in the Bible: "wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever"(Jude 1:13; Matthew 22:13 ^q).

The Danger of Quick and Dishonest Wealth

This section teaches that it is possible for someone to get rich very quickly, sometimes by using dishonest or selfish methods. However, wealth gained in this way often does not last. True blessing comes from honest work and patience, not from rushing or cheating to get ahead.

v. 21: The verse says, "An inheritance may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the end thereof shall not be blessed". Some people try to get rich fast, even if it means cheating others or being greedy. They may succeed for a short time and become wealthy quickly. But money gained too quickly and without honesty often disappears just as quickly. In the end, they do not have true happiness or God’s blessing. It is better to gain wealth slowly and honestly, because the blessing of the Lord, it maketh rich(Proverbs 10:22 ^r).

Trusting God Instead of Taking Revenge

This section explains how we should respond when others hurt us or treat us unfairly. In life, we will sometimes be wronged, but instead of seeking revenge, we should trust God to make things right. Patience and faith in God’s justice bring true peace and protection.

v. 22: The verse says, "Say not thou, I will recompense evil; but wait on the Lord, and he shall save thee". When someone does wrong to us, we should not even think about getting revenge. Wishing or planning to pay someone back is not right, even if the pain is fresh. Instead, we should leave the matter to God. He knows how to defend us and will help us in His own way and at the right time. God promises to save and protect us if we trust Him. We do not need to be afraid that forgiving or being patient will make us weaker. God will balance our troubles with His goodness, just as David trusted God when Shimei cursed him (2 Samuel 16:12 ^s).

Honesty in Business

This section repeats the warning against dishonesty in business, especially using false measures. God hates cheating and lying, and even if many people do it, it is still wrong. Cheating may seem common, but it brings no real benefit and is displeasing to God.

v. 23: The verse says, "Divers weights are an abomination unto the Lord; and a false balance is not good". God strongly dislikes when people use dishonest methods to cheat others in trade. This warning is repeated to show how serious the sin is, just like lying is mentioned several times among the things God hates (Proverbs 6:17, 19 ^t). Many people may think it is normal because it is common, but it is still evil. In the end, cheating does not bring true profit or blessing. A dishonest deal always turns out badly, even if it seems like a good bargain at first.

Depending on God’s Guidance

This section reminds us that we depend on God in everything we do. We need His help for both everyday actions and spiritual decisions. We cannot control the future or fully understand what will happen, so we should trust God and let Him lead us. It is wise to follow God's guidance and accept His plans for our lives.

v. 24: The verse says, "Man’s goings are of the Lord; how can a man then understand his own way?". This means that everything we do depends on God. Even strong people need God’s help to succeed, because strength alone is not enough. We cannot know what will happen in the future, since only God’s plans are certain. Because of this, we should not try to plan everything by ourselves. Instead, we should trust God, commit our plans to Him, and let Him direct our path, as it also says, "Commit thy way unto the Lord; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass"(Psalm 37:5 ^u).

The Danger of Breaking Promises to God

This section warns us about two serious mistakes that dishonor God and bring trouble. The first is taking things that belong to God for ourselves, and the second is making promises to God carelessly and then trying to avoid keeping them. Both actions can trap a person in guilt and lead to problems later.

v. 25: The verse says, "It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is holy, and after vows to make enquiry". Some people take what should be used for God—like offerings or things given to help others—and use it for themselves. This is called sacrilege, and it is like robbing God, as the Bible asks, "Will a man rob God in tithes and offerings?"(Malachi 3:8 ^v). Others make promises or vows to God, but then look for ways to avoid keeping them. If someone makes a promise in a careless or unclear way, it is their own fault. Once we promise something to God, we should keep it, and not look for excuses to go back on our word (Ecclesiastes 5:6; Acts 5:4 ^w). Breaking promises to God brings confusion and trouble to our conscience.

The Role of Wise Rulers

This section explains the important job of leaders and judges. Their duty is to stop evil and protect society by making sure laws are followed. To do this well, they must be both wise and good, using their authority to discourage bad behavior and encourage what is right.

v. 26: The verse says, "A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them". A good ruler must deal strongly with those who do wrong, especially when they work together to cause trouble. Sometimes, strong actions or punishment are needed to break up their plans and keep the country safe. For this reason, leaders must be wise and fair, knowing when and how to use their power. Only a ruler who is both careful and honest can truly stop evil and help people do what is right.

The Spirit of a Person: God’s Candle

This section teaches us about the value and purpose of the human soul. Our soul, or spirit, is like a light created by God. It helps us understand right and wrong, and it is a special gift that shows we are made in God’s image. Our conscience helps us see ourselves clearly and guides our actions.

v. 27: The verse says, "The spirit of man is the candle of the Lord, searching all the inward parts of the belly". God gave each person a spirit, or conscience, that works like a candle to light up our lives. This “candle” is not just from God, but is also for God, helping us to know what is good and what is wrong. Our conscience helps us to know ourselves and to judge our own thoughts and intentions. It praises what is right and warns us about what is wrong, just as it says, "the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding"(Job 32:8 ^x). We should make sure our conscience is informed by truth and kept clear, because it is a guide given to us by God.

Mercy and Truth in Leadership

This section talks about the most important qualities for a good leader, especially a king. A wise ruler must show both mercy and truth. He should be honest, keep his promises, and treat people with kindness. These qualities make a leader strong, safe, and respected by everyone.

v. 28: The verse says, "Mercy and truth preserve the king: and his throne is upholden by mercy". A good king is faithful and sincere. He avoids lying and always does what is right. He also leads with mercy, showing kindness and compassion to his people. These qualities are like the glories of God’s own throne. When a ruler acts with mercy and truth, it helps him keep his position and makes his government strong. People will love and trust him, and even his enemies will respect or fear him. Mercy and truth protect and support every true leader.

The Strength of Youth and the Honor of Age

This section explains that both young and old people have special strengths. Young people are known for their energy and ability to work hard, while older people are respected for their wisdom and experience. Both are important and should value each other, using their gifts to help their community.

v. 29: The verse says, "The glory of young men is their strength: and the beauty of old men is the gray head". Young people should not be proud or careless with their strength. Instead, they should use it for good purposes, like serving God and others. Older people may not be as strong, but they are honored for their wisdom and the lessons they have learned through life. As the Bible says, "I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool"(Daniel 7:9 ^y). Both youth and age are valuable, so each should respect and support the other.

The Value of Correction

This section teaches us that sometimes people need strong correction to help them change. Gentle advice does not always work, so stronger discipline is sometimes necessary. Even though it may be painful, correction can remove bad habits and help us grow. God may also use hard times to teach us important lessons for our own good.

v. 30: The verse says, "The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly"(Proverbs 20:30 ^z). Some people are stubborn and will only learn from strict correction, like a child who will not listen without being disciplined. In the same way, criminals sometimes need to face strong punishment. God also allows His children to go through hard times to help them become better. Tough correction is like medicine for the soul; it removes foolishness and bad behavior, just as a strong treatment heals a wound. Even though discipline can be hard to accept, it is helpful and brings good results, as the Bible says, "No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness"(Hebrews 12:11 ^aa).