‏ Matthew 5

The Sermon on the Mount

This passage introduces one of the most famous teachings of Jesus, known as the Sermon on the Mount. Here, Jesus speaks as the greatest teacher and prophet of God’s people, bringing light to the world. He had already shown his divine power by healing many people in Galilee, and now he prepares to teach them what it really means to repent and live for God. This sermon explains how people should change their lives and hearts to enter God’s kingdom. While the message was especially for his disciples, it was also heard by a large crowd who gathered to listen.

v. 1: Jesus, the true Teacher and Light of the world, went up on a mountain in Galilee to teach. Unlike the religious leaders who had comfortable places to speak, Jesus used a simple mountain as his pulpit. This shows that under the gospel, any place can be a place of worship and learning, not just special buildings. Just as God gave the law to Moses on a mountain, Jesus now teaches the true meaning of God’s law from a mountain, but with more grace and kindness (2 Corinthians 3:7; Hebrews 12:18 ^a). This mountain became a place where people could draw near to God, as the prophets had said (Deuteronomy 33:19; Isaiah 2:2-3 ^b; Micah 4:1-2 ^c).

v. 2: The main audience for this sermon was Jesus’ disciples, those who came to him to learn and follow. They wanted to know the truth and were ready to teach others. However, many people from the crowd also listened. Unlike the law given at Mount Sinai, where people were kept at a distance (Exodus 19:12 ^d), now everyone could come close and hear Jesus. Even though Jesus spoke mainly to his disciples, he also cared about the whole crowd. Ministers can learn from this example: it is good to preach God’s word to as many people as possible, hoping some will truly listen and follow (Mark 3:13; Luke 6:13; Matthew 7:28 ^e).

The Sermon on the Mount: The Beatitudes

This section opens Jesus’ famous Sermon on the Mount with a series of blessings, called the Beatitudes, which describe the character of those who belong to the kingdom of heaven and the true nature of happiness in God’s sight. Jesus reverses the world's expectations, showing that true blessedness is not about wealth, power, or social status, but about humility, righteousness, mercy, and devotion to God. Each blessing shows a spiritual quality and the reward that comes with it, both now and in the future.

v. 3: Jesus begins by saying, Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:3 ^f). To be "poor in spirit" means to recognize our spiritual need and emptiness without God. It is not the same as being weak or cowardly, but having a humble attitude, seeing ourselves as we really are—needy and dependent on God's grace. The poor in spirit do not depend on themselves or their own goodness. They know they need God’s forgiveness and help. Jesus promises that such people are truly blessed and will have a place in God’s kingdom.

The way Jesus began his sermon was special and serious. He sat down, as teachers or judges did, showing that he spoke with authority. The Bible says, He shall sit as a refiner (Malachi 3:3 ^g) and as one who judges rightly (Psalm 9:4 ^h). The phrase He opened his mouth shows that Jesus was about to say something very important, much like the prophets who spoke for God (Job 3:1; Ezekiel 3:27 ⁱ; Proverbs 8:1-2,6 ^j). Jesus taught with authority and wisdom, fulfilling the promise that God’s people would be taught by the Lord himself (Isaiah 54:13; Isaiah 50:4 ^k; Isaiah 61:1 ^l). His teaching was not just for information, but to change hearts and lives, leading people to true godliness (Hebrews 9:10; Titus 1:1 ^m).

v. 4: Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted (Matthew 5:4 ⁿ). Jesus says that those who mourn—especially over their own sins and the brokenness in the world—are blessed. God sees their sorrow and will comfort them, both in this life and especially in the life to come. This mourning is not about being sad all the time, but about having a serious heart that is sorry for sin and cares about others’ suffering. God promises comfort to such people.

v. 5: Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth (Matthew 5:5 ^o). Meekness is not weakness, but gentleness and self-control. The meek are patient, not easily angered, and do not seek revenge. Jesus says these people will inherit the earth—meaning God will reward them, and they will share in his blessings, both now and in the world to come.

v. 6: Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled (Matthew 5:6 ^p). Those who long for righteousness—who want to do what is right and to have a right relationship with God—are blessed. Their desire will be satisfied. God promises to fill those who truly seek him and his ways, not just with good things, but with himself.

v. 7: Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy (Matthew 5:7 ^q). Those who show compassion and forgiveness to others will receive mercy from God. Jesus teaches that being merciful is not only good for others, but it is also the way to receive God’s mercy ourselves.

v. 8: Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God (Matthew 5:8 ^r). Purity of heart means being sincere and having a single-minded devotion to God—not just outwardly, but inside. Jesus promises that those who are pure in heart will see God, both by faith here and face to face in eternity.

v. 9: Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God (Matthew 5:9 ^s). Peacemakers are those who work to bring peace between people and to end quarrels. They try to live at peace with everyone and help others do the same. God calls such people his children, because they are doing what their heavenly Father does.

v. 10–12: Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:10 ^t). Jesus says that even those who suffer for doing right are blessed, because they share in God’s kingdom. He encourages his disciples not to be discouraged by insults, lies, or persecution, but to rejoice, because their reward in heaven will be great. Others before them, like the prophets, also suffered for following God (Matthew 5:11-12 ^u).

In summary, Jesus teaches that true happiness and blessing come from a humble, repentant, merciful, and pure heart that seeks God and his ways, even when it brings difficulty. Those who have these qualities are truly happy in God’s eyes, and they receive his promises—now and forever.

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The Sermon on the Mount

In this part of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus explains to his disciples what he wants them to be in the world. He uses two simple but powerful pictures: salt and light. Jesus had already called them to be “fishers of men.” Now, he shows them that they are meant to influence and bless the whole world, even if they face struggles or feel small and weak. Their purpose is to bring change to the world through the gospel and their lives.

v. 13: Jesus says, You are the salt of the earth. This means his followers are very important, just like salt is important for food. Salt adds flavor, keeps things from going bad, and makes food good to eat. In the same way, Christians are meant to bring goodness and truth to the world. The gospel is like salt because it is powerful and changes people’s hearts (Hebrews 4:12; Acts 2:37 ^v). If Christians are full of God’s grace, their words and actions will help others (Colossians 4:6; Mark 9:50 ^w). Jesus’ followers are sent out into the world, not to stay together in one place, but to be like grains of salt spread everywhere, making the world better.

v. 14: Jesus also says, You are the light of the world (Matthew 5:14 ^x). Light helps people see and find their way. Christians are called to shine God’s truth and love to everyone around them. Jesus is the true Light (John 8:12 ^y), and his disciples share in this work. The world was in darkness, but Jesus’ followers are meant to shine like the morning sun and show others the way to God (Ephesians 5:8; Philippians 2:15 ^z).

v. 15: Jesus explains that a city on a hill cannot be hidden. In the same way, Christians should not hide their faith. They are like lights that God has set up for everyone to see. Just as a lamp gives light to everyone in the house, Christians should share God’s love and truth with those around them (Matthew 5:15 ^aa). They must not keep the good news to themselves, but speak and live in a way that helps others know God (Luke 12:3 ^ab).

v. 16: Jesus says, Let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven. This means people should notice the good things Christians do and be moved to praise God because of them (Philippians 4:8; 1 Peter 4:11 ^ac). The goal is not to show off, but to help others see the truth and power of God’s grace. When people see real Christian living, it can help them understand and love God too. Good examples can teach and even change hearts.

The Sermon on the Mount

In this section, Jesus explains his relationship to the Old Testament scriptures and what true obedience to God looks like. Many people in his time respected the scriptures, but they also followed the example of the scribes and Pharisees, who were the religious leaders. Jesus makes it clear that while the scriptures are right and must be honored, the example of the scribes and Pharisees is not enough. He teaches that his mission is not to destroy the law, but to fulfill and complete it, and that true righteousness must be deeper than what the religious leaders showed.

v. 17: Jesus says, Do not think that I have come to destroy the law or the prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. He wants people to know that he does not reject the Old Testament. He does not cancel or weaken the commands and promises given by Moses and the prophets. Instead, Jesus obeyed the law perfectly (Galatians 4:4 ^ad), fulfilled its promises, showed the true meaning behind its ceremonies, and explained it more fully. His teaching continues and completes what God started in the Old Testament. The gospel is not against the law but brings out its true purpose (Hebrews 9:10 ^ae).

v. 18: Jesus adds, For truly, I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one jot or tittle will pass from the law until all is fulfilled (Matthew 5:18 ^af). This means that every detail of God's word is important and lasting. Not even the smallest part will disappear until everything is accomplished. God cares about every part of his law, even things that seem small. His word stands forever and will not fail.

v. 19: Jesus warns, Whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches men so, will be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he will be called great in the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:19 ^ag). He says that it is dangerous to ignore or weaken even the smallest command of God. Teaching others to do the same is even worse. Those who keep God’s commands and teach others to do so are honored by God. On the other hand, those who make light of God’s commands, or teach others to ignore them, become unimportant or even excluded from God’s true people (Isaiah 9:15; Malachi 2:8,11 ^ah). God honors those who both live and teach his truth (1 Samuel 2:30 ^ai).

v. 20: Jesus continues, Unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:20 ^aj). This surprises many people, because the scribes and Pharisees were seen as very religious. They prayed, fasted, gave to the poor, and knew the law. But Jesus says that real righteousness is not just about outward actions or impressing others. It is about obeying God from the heart and trusting in him, not being proud of ourselves. True followers of Jesus must aim higher than the scribes and Pharisees. We must do what is right, not just for show, but for God, and trust in Jesus’ righteousness, not our own.

Jesus Teaches about Anger, Murder, and Reconciliation

In this section, Jesus explains that the righteousness he requires goes far beyond keeping the Old Testament law on the surface. He shows that God looks at the heart, not just at actions. Jesus teaches that anger, insults, and broken relationships are serious in God’s eyes—just like murder. He also tells his followers to make things right with others before worshiping God. This teaching is part of the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus shows how his disciples should live differently from the world.

v. 21: Jesus says, You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment’ (Matthew 5:21 ^ak). He reminds them of the commandment from the law: “Do not murder” (Exodus 20:13 ^al). The people had learned that murder deserved punishment from a human court.

v. 22: But I tell you that anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’ is answerable to the court. And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell. Jesus teaches that not just murder, but even anger and insulting words are sinful in God’s sight. If someone is angry or calls another person a fool, it is serious, and God will judge it. God cares about what is in our hearts, not just what we do on the outside (Matthew 5:22 ^am).

v. 23: Therefore, if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother or sister has something against you, Jesus says that worship is not true if we are not right with other people. If you are about to worship God and remember that someone is upset with you because of something you did, you should not ignore it (Matthew 5:23 ^an).

v. 24: Leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to them; then come and offer your gift. Jesus says it is more important to make peace with others than to give an offering. If you know you have hurt someone, you should go and fix the relationship before you worship God. God wants us to live in peace with each other (Matthew 5:24 ^ao).

v. 25: Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court. Do it while you are still together on the way, or your adversary may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison. Jesus teaches that we should try to make things right with others quickly, before things get worse. If you have a problem with someone, work it out as soon as possible, or you might face greater trouble later (Matthew 5:25 ^ap).

v. 26: Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny. Jesus warns that if we do not settle things with others, we may face the consequences. It is better to forgive and be forgiven than to let problems grow until they bring punishment (Matthew 5:26 ^aq).

In summary, Jesus teaches that obeying God is about more than just not committing murder. God cares about our hearts, our words, and our relationships. We must deal with anger, avoid insulting others, and always seek to make peace. If we want God to accept our worship, we must first try to be right with other people.

The Sermon on the Mount

In this part of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus explains the seventh commandment, “You shall not commit adultery.” Jesus, who gave the law, now teaches its true meaning. He shows that God cares not only about our actions, but also about our thoughts and desires. Jesus calls everyone to be pure in heart, not just in outward behavior, and warns against any actions or attitudes that lead to sin.

v. 27: Jesus repeats the commandment, You shall not commit adultery (Matthew 5:27 ^ar). This commandment forbids not only the act of adultery but also all kinds of sexual impurity and even the desire for it. The Pharisees taught that only the physical act was wrong, but Jesus says that God sees the heart and cares about our inner thoughts (Psalm 66:18; Luke 18:11 ^as).

v. 28: Jesus explains that even looking at someone with lustful intent is committing adultery in the heart (Matthew 5:28 ^at). Sin begins with our desires. If we let sinful thoughts grow in our minds, it is already sin before any action takes place (James 1:15 ^au). Feeding our eyes or thoughts with wrong things leads to sin, so we must be careful what we look at or listen to (Genesis 39:7; 2 Samuel 11:2 ^av; 2 Peter 2:14 ^aw). Like Job, we should make a covenant with our eyes to avoid impure thoughts (Job 31:1 ^ax). Jesus also warns against dressing or acting to tempt others, because this too is sinful.

v. 29: Jesus teaches that it is better to lose something valuable, like an eye, if it causes you to sin, than to let sin destroy your whole life (Matthew 5:29 ^ay). This means we must be willing to give up anything that leads us to sin, even if it is difficult. We should resist temptation, avoid situations that make us stumble, and ask God for strength to live a pure life. It is better to deny ourselves now than to face God’s judgment later.

v. 30: Jesus repeats his warning: If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away (Matthew 5:30 ^az). He uses strong language to show how serious sin is. It is better to lose something precious than to lose your soul. Even though it is hard, obeying God is always for our good. Jesus also teaches that warning about judgment is an important part of preaching and living the gospel. We must be serious about turning away from sin, especially sins of impurity, so we do not end up separated from God forever.

v. 31: Jesus addresses divorce. The law allowed a man to give his wife a certificate of divorce (Matthew 5:31 ^ba), but by Jesus’ time, divorce was being used too easily. People thought they could separate for almost any reason (Matthew 19:3,7 ^bb). This was not God’s original plan for marriage.

v. 32: Jesus corrects the misunderstanding. He says that divorce should only happen if there is adultery, because that breaks the marriage covenant (Matthew 5:32 ^bc). If someone divorces their spouse for another reason, they cause them to commit adultery, and the person who marries a divorced person also shares in that sin. Jesus teaches that we should not lead others into sin or make it easier for them to sin (Psalm 50:18 ^bd). We are responsible not only for our own actions, but also for how we influence others.

The Sermon on the Mount

In this section, Jesus explains the true meaning of the third commandment about not taking the Lord’s name in vain. He makes it clear that God takes this commandment seriously, and that we must be very careful with our words, especially when making promises or oaths. Jesus teaches that honesty and respect for God’s name should guide everything we say.

v. 33: Jesus reminds his listeners that the law says, You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to the Lord what you have sworn (Matthew 5:33 ^be). This commandment forbids perjury—breaking oaths or making false promises. Perjury is a serious sin because it is both disrespectful to God and unfair to other people (Psalm 24:4 ^bf). When someone swears an oath, they call God as their witness. If they lie, they are inviting God’s judgment on themselves. Promises made before God must be kept, whether they are vows to God or promises made to other people (Numbers 30:2; Ecclesiastes 5:4-5 ^bg).

v. 34: Jesus teaches, But I say to you, Do not swear at all (Matthew 5:34; James 5:12 ^bh). This means we should not use oaths carelessly or in ordinary conversation. Swearing an oath is a serious act and should only be done when truly necessary, like in a court of law (Hebrews 6:16 ^bi). Oaths are part of worship when used properly (Deuteronomy 6:13 ^bj), but in daily speech we should avoid them. Our words should be trustworthy without the need for extra promises.

v. 35: Jesus explains that we must not swear by anything else, like heaven, earth, Jerusalem, or even our own head (Matthew 5:34-36 ^bk). Heaven is God’s throne, earth is his footstool (Psalm 24:1 ^bl), and Jerusalem is the city of the great King (Psalm 48:2 ^bm). Even our own heads belong to God, because we cannot change anything about ourselves without him (Psalm 3:3 ^bn). So, swearing by these things is really swearing by God, and we should avoid it.

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v. 37: Jesus says, Let your 'Yes' be 'Yes,' and your 'No,' 'No'; anything more than this comes from evil (Matthew 5:37 ^bo). In daily life, we should simply speak the truth. If we say yes, we should mean yes. If we say no, we should mean no. People should trust our words without us needing to swear an oath. Using oaths in casual speech shows a lack of honesty and respect, and can lead to sin. Christians should avoid not just what is clearly wrong, but also what even looks like it could be wrong. Our words should be simple and true, for this honors both God and others.

The Sermon on the Mount

In these verses, Jesus teaches about forgiveness and how to respond when people treat us badly. He explains the Old Testament law of retaliation, which said “an eye for an eye,” but then shows a new and better way. Jesus tells his followers not to seek revenge, but instead to show patience, kindness, and generosity, even to those who do wrong to them.

v. 38: The old law said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth (Exodus 21:24; Leviticus 24:20; Deuteronomy 19:21 ^bp). This law was for the judges, to make sure punishments were fair and not too harsh. It was meant to guide the courts, not to give people the right to take revenge on their own. Some teachers, however, taught that everyone should demand strict justice, even for small injuries, and that forgiveness was not needed. But Jesus shows that this is not the way of love.

v. 39: Jesus says, Do not resist the one who is evil (Matthew 5:39 ^bq). This means we should not be revengeful or try to get even with someone who wrongs us. If someone hits you on the right cheek, do not hit back, but be patient and show forgiveness. Jesus gives the example of turning the other cheek. This does not mean we cannot protect ourselves or others when truly needed, but we should not respond to insults or small injuries with anger or hatred (Romans 12:17; Proverbs 25:21-22 ^br). Jesus himself was mistreated, but he did not fight back (Micah 5:1 ^bs).

v. 40: If someone sues you and takes your coat, let him have your cloak as well (Matthew 5:40 ^bt). This means that it is better to lose something small than to start a fight or hold a grudge. Sometimes, letting go of your rights keeps the peace and shows true Christian character. It is better to suffer a wrong than to get into arguments or seek revenge (Ecclesiastes 5:8 ^bu).

v. 41: If someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles (Matthew 5:41 ^bv). This teaches us to do more than is required, even when we are treated unfairly. Do not argue or complain, but be willing to help, even if it feels forced. Jesus wants his followers to show love and patience, even to those who are not kind to them.

v. 42: Jesus says, Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you (Matthew 5:42 ^bw). This means we should be generous and ready to help others, not just avoid doing harm. When someone is in need, we should give and lend freely, as long as we are wise and careful. God is generous to us, so we should also be generous to others (Psalm 112:5 ^bx).

The Sermon on the Mount

In this section, Jesus explains the true meaning of the command to love your neighbor. He corrects false ideas taught by some Jewish teachers, who narrowed the meaning of “neighbor” and even encouraged hatred of enemies. Jesus teaches that true followers of God must love all people, even those who treat them badly. This loving attitude reflects the character of God and goes beyond what is natural or expected in human society.

v. 43: The law teaches, You shall love your neighbor (Matthew 5:43 ^by). But some teachers wrongly added, and hate your enemy. This was not God’s intention. God’s law really teaches kindness even to foreigners and former enemies (Exodus 23:4-5; Deuteronomy 23:7 ^bz). But people often use God’s commands to justify their own anger or hatred. Jesus wants his followers to live by God’s true meaning, not human tradition.

v. 44: Jesus says, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you (Matthew 5:44 ^ca). This is very different from the common attitude of wishing harm for those who hurt us. Christians are called to show respect, kindness, and compassion to everyone, even those who are unkind. We should look for good qualities in people, even our enemies, and want what is best for them. We are also told to bless those who curse us, do good to those who hate us, and pray for those who mistreat us (1 Peter 3:9 ^cb). This shows the spirit of Jesus, who loved and prayed for his enemies.

v. 45: Jesus gives a reason for this command: That you may be children of your Father in heaven (Matthew 5:45 ^cc). God shows kindness to everyone. He sends sunshine and rain to both good and evil people. These everyday blessings are gifts from God, who is generous and patient, even to those who do not deserve it. When we love our enemies, we are being like God and showing that we are his true children.

v. 46-47: Jesus explains that loving only our friends is nothing special. Even tax collectors and non-believers do that (Matthew 5:46-47 ^cd). Christians are called to go beyond ordinary kindness. We must do more than others, especially by loving those who do not love us in return. God expects his people to live differently because they know his love and have received so much from him.

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v. 48: Jesus finishes this teaching by saying, Be perfect, as your Father in heaven is perfect (Matthew 5:48 ^ce). This means we should aim to be as loving, merciful, and forgiving as God is. Christians should always try to grow in grace and holiness, copying the example of their heavenly Father (Philippians 3:12-14; 1 Peter 1:15-16 ^cf). God’s perfection is seen in his kindness to all people, even enemies, and we should try to be like him, especially in forgiving and doing good to others (Luke 6:36 ^cg).

‏ Matthew 6

The Sermon on the Mount

In this passage, Jesus teaches about the importance of true heart religion, not just outward actions. He warns his followers against hypocrisy, which means doing good things to be seen by others instead of pleasing God. Jesus explains that giving to the poor, praying, and fasting are important, but they must be done with the right motive. God looks at our hearts, not just our actions.

v. 1: Jesus says, Be careful not to do your acts of righteousness before others to be seen by them (Matthew 6:1 ^ch). He warns that it is easy to fall into the trap of wanting praise from people. Hypocrisy, or pretending to be good just for attention, is very dangerous. It can ruin all the good we try to do. Jesus teaches that almsgiving (helping the poor), prayer, and fasting are important Christian duties that show love for God with our soul, body, and possessions. But if we do them to show off, they lose their value in God’s eyes (Luke 12:1 ^ci).

v. 2: Jesus describes the wrong way to give to the poor. Some people announce their giving with trumpets in the synagogues and streets, just to be praised by others. They want everyone to see how generous they are, but their main goal is to gain a good reputation. Jesus says, Truly I tell you, they have their reward (Matthew 6:2 ^cj). Their only reward is people’s praise, not God’s blessing. What they do may look good, but their heart is not right (Psalm 17:14; Luke 6:24 ^ck; Luke 16:25 ^cl).

v. 3: Jesus teaches the right way to give. He says, When you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing (Matthew 6:3 ^cm). This means we should give quietly and humbly, not focusing on getting attention, even from ourselves. We should not brag about our good deeds or remind ourselves of them too much. If we do good in secret, God will see it.

v. 4: Jesus promises that if we give in secret, your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you (Matthew 6:4 ^cn). God notices everything, even what others miss. He will reward those who give sincerely, not just in this life, but especially in eternity (Hebrews 11:6; Genesis 15:1 ^co). God, as our loving Father, rewards us far better than any praise from people.

The Sermon on the Mount: True and Sincere Prayer

In this section, Jesus teaches his disciples about the right way to pray. He warns against praying to impress other people and against using empty words. Jesus shows that God cares about sincere hearts, not about long or fancy prayers. He gives his followers a model for how to pray honestly and privately, trusting that God knows what they need.

v. 5: Jesus tells his disciples not to pray like hypocrites, who love to stand and pray in synagogues or on street corners just to be seen by others. Their real goal is to get praise from people, not to talk to God. Jesus makes it clear that if someone prays to be admired, that is the only reward they will get. God does not approve of such pride. Instead, prayer should be for God, not to show off in front of people.

v. 6: Jesus says, "When you pray, go into your room, close the door, and pray to your Father, who is unseen." This means we should find a private place to pray, where no one else can see us. God sees what we do in secret and will reward us. Private prayer keeps us from trying to look spiritual in front of others. It helps us focus on God alone. Jesus teaches that God is present everywhere and that he cares about our personal prayers.

v. 7: Jesus warns against using "vain repetitions" or meaningless words when we pray, like the pagans do. Some people think that God will listen if they just say the same thing over and over, or if their prayers are extra long. Jesus explains that prayer is not about the number of words or repeating certain phrases. God is not impressed by fancy language or lengthy prayers. He wants us to speak to him honestly and simply.

v. 8: Jesus explains that we do not need to use many words, because God already knows what we need before we ask him. Prayer is not about giving God information—he already understands our needs. Instead, prayer is about showing that we depend on him and trust him. Jesus encourages his followers to come to God as children come to a loving Father, with trust and sincerity.

The Lord’s Prayer: How to Pray

In this section, Jesus teaches his disciples how to pray. He gives them a model prayer, often called the Lord’s Prayer, to show the right spirit and priorities in prayer. Jesus warns against empty, repetitive prayers and encourages sincere, humble communication with God. The prayer he teaches focuses on God’s holiness, his kingdom, daily needs, forgiveness, and protection from evil. This prayer is a guide for all Christians, showing what is most important when we talk to God.

v. 9: After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Jesus begins by teaching us to address God as our Father in heaven. This shows that God cares for us like a good parent but is also holy and above all. We should honor his name and pray that everyone will respect and worship him as holy (Matthew 6:9 ^cp).

v. 10: Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. We should pray for God’s kingdom to come and for his will to be done on earth, just as it is in heaven. This means we want God’s rule and goodness to spread everywhere, and we want to obey him in everything (Matthew 6:10 ^cq).

v. 11: Give us this day our daily bread. Jesus teaches us to ask God for our daily needs. We depend on God for food, shelter, and everything we need to live each day. This reminds us to trust God for what we need, one day at a time (Matthew 6:11 ^cr).

v. 12: And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. We should ask God to forgive our sins, just as we forgive others. Jesus teaches that being forgiven by God goes hand in hand with forgiving people who have hurt us (Matthew 6:12 ^cs).

v. 13: And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. We are to pray for God to help us not fall into sin or temptation and to protect us from evil. The prayer finishes by praising God, who has all power, glory, and authority forever (Matthew 6:13 ^ct).

In summary, the Lord’s Prayer teaches us to honor God, seek his will, trust him for daily needs, ask for forgiveness, forgive others, and seek his help against temptation and evil. It is a pattern for simple, sincere, and meaningful prayer for all who follow Jesus.

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The Sermon on the Mount

Here, Jesus teaches about fasting and warns against doing it for show. Like with giving to the poor and prayer, Jesus wants our fasting to be sincere and private, not for getting attention from others. True fasting is a way to humble ourselves before God and bring our hearts closer to him, not a way to impress people.

v. 16: Jesus expects his followers to fast sometimes, especially when they feel a need to seek God more seriously or when they are sad or troubled (Matthew 9:15 ^cu). Fasting is helpful to humble ourselves and to make us more focused in prayer. Early Christians and faithful Jews fasted often (Luke 18:12; Acts 10:30 ^cv; Acts 13:3 ^cw). But fasting is not about making ourselves look sad or important. It is about humbling our hearts and drawing near to God. The Pharisees fasted to look holy, but Jesus warns against this kind of pride.

v. 17: Jesus says that when you fast, you should not try to look sad or draw attention to yourself. Instead, look normal—wash your face and anoint your head, just as you do every day (Matthew 6:17 ^cx). Do not make a big show of your fasting. God cares about what is in your heart, not your outward appearance.

v. 18: If you fast in secret and with the right heart, God, who sees everything done in secret, will reward you openly (Matthew 6:18 ^cy). The praise of people is not important—God’s approval is what matters most. When we fast sincerely, God sees and will reward us, even if no one else notices. Our real reward comes from God, not from the attention or praise of others.

Treasures in Heaven: The Christian’s True Wealth

In this section, Jesus teaches about the importance of where we place our values and hopes. He warns against loving money or possessions too much, because these things do not last and can distract us from what is truly important. Jesus explains that a person cannot serve both God and material wealth, and calls us to have a heart set on heavenly treasures rather than earthly ones.

v. 19: Jesus tells us not to store up treasures on earth. Earthly treasures are things like money, clothes, or possessions. He warns that these can be destroyed by moths or rust, or stolen by thieves. Earthly wealth does not last, and we cannot take it with us when we die. If we make these things our top priority, we will be disappointed when they are lost or ruined.

v. 20: Instead, Jesus says we should lay up treasures in heaven. Heavenly treasures are acts of faith, kindness, and obedience to God—things that last forever. Nothing can destroy these treasures, and no one can take them away. By focusing on things that please God, we build up a reward that is safe and eternal.

v. 21: Jesus explains that “where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” This means that what you value most will shape your thoughts, feelings, and actions. If your treasure is in heaven, your heart will be there too, loving God and wanting to serve him. But if your treasure is on earth, your heart will be stuck on things that do not last.

v. 22–23: Jesus uses the image of the eye as a lamp for the body. If your eye is healthy—focused on what is good—your whole life will be full of light and understanding. But if your eye is bad—focused on selfish or greedy things—your life will be full of darkness and confusion. This is a warning that what we pay attention to and desire in life will affect our whole character.

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v. 24: Jesus says that no one can serve two masters. You cannot serve both God and “mammon” (a word for money or possessions). If you try to serve both, you will end up loving one and hating the other. Jesus makes it clear: we must choose who we will serve. Being loyal to money or things will pull us away from God, but being loyal to God will help us use our possessions in the right way.

The Cure for Anxiety

In this section, Jesus teaches his disciples not to be anxious about their daily needs. He gives many reasons why they should trust God for food, drink, and clothing. Jesus wants his followers to have faith in God’s care, instead of worrying about the things of this world. He shows that anxiety is not only unnecessary, but also shows a lack of trust in God’s promises and love.

v. 25: Jesus says, Therefore I tell you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat or drink; or about your body, what you will wear (Matthew 6:25 ^cz). He commands his followers not to be anxious about their basic needs. Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothes. God gave us life and our bodies, so he can also give us food and clothing. Jesus is not telling us to be careless or lazy, but to trust God while we do our work. Worrying does not help us, and it shows we do not trust God to provide.

v. 26: Jesus points to the birds as an example. He says, Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they? (Matthew 6:26 ^da). Birds do not plant or harvest, but God still feeds them. If God cares for birds, he will surely take care of people, who are worth much more to him.

v. 27: Jesus adds, Can any one of you by worrying add a single hour to your life? (Matthew 6:27 ^db). Worry cannot make us live longer or solve our problems. In fact, worry may even make things worse. We should recognize that worrying does not help us or change anything.

v. 28–30: Jesus says we should not worry about clothes either. He tells us to look at the flowers: See how the lilies of the field grow. They do not labor or spin. Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these. If that is how God clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the fire, will he not much more clothe you—you of little faith? (Matthew 6:28-30 ^dc). Flowers do not work to make themselves beautiful, but God gives them amazing beauty. If God cares so much for flowers and grass, which do not last long, he will surely care for his people. Jesus gently rebukes his followers for having little faith when they worry about these things.

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v. 31–32: Jesus repeats, So do not worry, saying, "What shall we eat?" or "What shall we drink?" or "What shall we wear?" For people who do not know God (the Gentiles) run after these things, but your heavenly Father knows that you need them (Matthew 6:31-32 ^dd). Worrying about material things is like those who do not trust God. God already knows what we need, and he will provide.

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v. 33: Jesus gives the main command: But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well (Matthew 6:33 ^de). Our first priority should be to seek God’s rule in our lives and to live the way he wants. If we put God first, he will take care of our needs.

v. 34: Finally, Jesus says, Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own (Matthew 6:34 ^df). We should not be anxious about the future, but trust God for today. Each day has its own problems, and God will help us handle them when they come.

In summary, Jesus teaches us not to worry about our daily needs, but to trust God as our loving Father. If we seek to live for him, he will provide everything we need. Worry is unnecessary and unhelpful, and does not fit the life of faith.

‏ Matthew 7

The Sermon on the Mount

Jesus teaches us how to behave toward the faults of others. He is warning against being harsh and prideful in judging others, like the scribes and Pharisees often were. Instead, he calls his followers to humility, charity, and self-examination before judging others.

v. 1: Jesus says, Do not judge, or you too will be judged (Matthew 7:1 ^dg). He is not forbidding all judgment—judges and ministers must judge rightly—but he warns private people not to judge others harshly or unfairly. We should judge ourselves first and avoid condemning others with pride or jealousy. We must not speak evil of others, despise them, or make harsh conclusions without good reason. God alone knows the heart and will judge rightly.

v. 2: Jesus explains that the way we judge others will be the way we are judged (Matthew 7:2 ^dh). If we are harsh and unforgiving, God will be harsh with us. This should make us careful and humble. We should remember that God’s judgment is perfect and just, unlike ours, and that we will be judged by the same standard we use on others.

v. 3-5: Jesus gives an example of judging others unfairly. He says, Why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye but fail to notice the plank in your own? (Matthew 7:3-5 ^di). People often notice small faults in others while ignoring bigger faults in themselves. Jesus tells us to first deal with our own sins before trying to correct others. Only then can we help others in a humble and loving way without hypocrisy.

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v. 6: Jesus warns, Do not give what is holy to dogs; do not throw pearls to pigs (Matthew 7:6 ^dj). This means we should be careful when sharing sacred truths. Some people reject or mock what is holy, and giving it to them is wasted effort and may harm the message. We should wisely share God’s word with those who are open to it, but avoid wasting it on those who will only scorn it.

The Sermon on the Mount

In this section, Jesus teaches about prayer as a way to receive what we need from God. He reminds us that God has given us hard instructions, but prayer is how we can get the strength and grace to obey. Jesus shows that prayer is not only a duty, but also a gift, helping us to rely on God for all things.

v. 7: Jesus gives a simple command: Ask, Seek, Knock (Matthew 7:7 ^dk). He wants us to pray sincerely and regularly. To ask is like a beggar asking for help, or a traveler asking for directions (Ezekiel 36:37 ^dl). To seek is like searching for something valuable or a merchant looking for good pearls (Daniel 9:3 ^dm). To knock is like knocking on a door, wanting to be let in. Sin has shut us out from God, but prayer is how we ask Him to let us back in. Jesus also knocks at our doors (Revelation 3:20; Song of Songs 5:2 ^dn), and He invites us to knock at His. Seeking and knocking mean we should not only pray, but also act. We should use the ways God has given us and not just wait for things to happen. Like the man caring for a fruit tree, we should work and pray (Luke 13:7-8 ^do). We must keep praying and not give up, even if we do not get an answer right away.

v. 8: Jesus promises that our prayers will not be wasted: Everyone who asks receives; the one who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened (Matthew 7:8 ^dp). This promise is for everyone, not just the disciples. No matter who you are—rich or poor, young or old—God listens if you pray with faith. The promise is given in the present tense. If you believe, you can enjoy God’s promise right now, as if you already have what you asked for (Psalm 108:7-8 ^dq). When you meet God’s condition of asking, He will give.

v. 9-10: Jesus uses an example: If your son asks for bread, would you give him a stone? Or if he asks for fish, would you give him a snake? (Matthew 7:9-10 ^dr). Even ordinary people, who are not perfect, give their children good things when they ask. If people can be kind in this way, how much more will God give good things to those who ask Him?

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v. 11: Jesus explains that if we, who are flawed, know how to give good gifts to our children, then our heavenly Father is even better. He will give truly good things to those who ask (Matthew 7:11 ^ds). We must come to God like children come to their father—trusting and expecting help. We may not always know what is good for us (Ecclesiastes 6:12 ^dt), but God does. Sometimes, God says "no" because what we ask for might harm us, just as a wise parent would not give a child a stone or a snake. God’s love is greater than any parent's love (Psalm 103:13; Isaiah 66:13; 49:14-15 ^du). Even if our parents make mistakes, God never does. He always knows what is best for us, and He is kinder, wiser, and more generous than any human parent (Psalm 27:10 ^dv). His love is much greater, just as the sun is brighter than a candle. If parents feel compassion for their children, God feels even more for us. We can trust Him to give us what is truly good and to care for us always.

The Sermon on the Mount

In this part of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches us how to treat others and how to live a true religious life. He links how we act towards people with our relationship with God. Jesus shows that being righteous and fair to others is as important as being devoted to God. We should be honest and kind in our actions, not just in our prayers. This is the foundation for living a life that pleases God and helps others.

v. 12: Jesus gives us a simple rule: Whatever you want others to do for you, do the same for them (Matthew 7:12 ^dw). This is sometimes called the "Golden Rule." It means we should treat everyone fairly and kindly, just as we want to be treated. This rule is for everyone, not just for our friends or people who agree with us. It is based on the command, You shall love your neighbor as yourself (Leviticus 19:18 ^dx). We should put ourselves in other people’s place and act as we would wish if we were them. Jesus says this rule sums up the teachings of the law and the prophets (Matthew 22:40 ^dy). If we follow this rule, we are doing what God wants. If we do not, our religious acts are empty and do not please God (Isaiah 1:15-17; 58:6,9; Zechariah 7:9,13 ^dz).

v. 13–14: Jesus says we must make following God our main goal. He describes two ways to live: one is easy and popular but leads to destruction, and the other is hard and less chosen but leads to life. The easy way is like a wide gate and a broad road—many people go that way because it allows them to do whatever they want. There is a lot of freedom and many people to follow, but this way leads to destruction and death. The other way is a narrow gate and a hard road. This path is difficult because it means changing our hearts, giving up our old ways, and sometimes facing trouble and being different from others (John 3:3,5; 1 Samuel 14:4 ^ea). It is not easy to start this journey or to continue on it, but God promises it leads to real life—both now and forever (2 Peter 1:3 ^eb). Only a few choose this way because it is not popular, but it is the only way to true happiness and eternal life (1 Peter 3:20 ^ec). Jesus warns us not to just follow the crowd but to decide for ourselves to enter by the narrow gate. He encourages us to pray and work hard to go through this gate, trusting that God will help us if we truly seek Him (Luke 13:24 ^ed).

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The Danger of False Prophets

In this part of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus warns his followers to be on guard against false prophets and teachers. He explains how to recognize them and why it is so important to avoid their influence. The section focuses on how outward appearances can be deceiving and how the real test of a person's character and teaching is the fruit they produce in their lives (Matthew 7:15-20 ^ee).

v. 15: Jesus says, "Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves" (Matthew 7:15 ^ef). This is a strong warning to be careful because false prophets do not always look dangerous. They may seem harmless, kind, or even holy on the outside—like sheep—but inside, their real motives are dangerous and selfish, like wolves. Jesus wants his followers to know that there are people who pretend to be good but actually want to harm others spiritually. In the Old Testament, some people pretended to be prophets, like Zedekiah (1 Kings 22:11; Jeremiah 29:21 ^eg). Now, Jesus is saying that there will be false teachers in the church as well. They may pretend to have messages from God or teach things that sound good, but their goal is to deceive and hurt God's people. Paul also calls such people "grievous wolves" (Acts 20:29 ^eh). He warns that they only care about themselves and may use religion to get what they want (Romans 16:18 ^ei).

v. 16: Jesus teaches, "Ye shall know them by their fruits. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?" (Matthew 7:16 ^ej). He gives a simple test to recognize false prophets: look at the results of their lives, their "fruits." Just as you do not expect to find grapes growing on thorn bushes or figs on thistles, you should not expect good results from people whose hearts are not right with God. Bad people may sometimes do something good, but it does not come naturally from them. Their actions, attitudes, and teachings will eventually show what kind of person they really are.

v. 17: Jesus goes on, "Even so every good tree bringeth forth good fruit; but a corrupt tree bringeth forth evil fruit" (Matthew 7:17 ^ek). Here, Jesus is saying that a person's true character will be seen in their actions and words over time. A good person, like a healthy tree, naturally produces good things. A bad person, like a rotten tree, produces bad things. People may try to hide who they are, but their true nature will show through the way they live.

v. 18: He explains, "A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring forth good fruit" (Matthew 7:18 ^el). This means that someone whose heart has truly been changed by God will not keep producing evil actions and teachings. In the same way, someone who is false or corrupt cannot keep producing good fruit. The course of a person's life, not just a single action, reveals their true character.

v. 19: Jesus warns, "Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire" (Matthew 7:19 ^em). This is a picture of judgment. Just as a farmer cuts down trees that do not produce fruit and burns them, God will judge and remove those who do not live according to his ways. This is the same warning John the Baptist gave earlier (Matthew 3:10 ^en). It does not matter how religious someone looks on the outside; if their life does not show real good fruit, they are in danger of God's judgment (Ezekiel 31:12-13; Daniel 4:14; John 15:6 ^eo).

v. 20: Jesus repeats, "Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them" (Matthew 7:20 ^ep). The best way to recognize false teachers is to pay attention to what their lives produce. This includes both their personal character and the effects of their teaching on others. If their teaching leads people away from God, encourages pride, selfishness, or sin, then it is not from God (Galatians 5:8; James 3:15 ^eq). But if their teaching leads to true love, humility, and holiness, it is a sign that they are genuine. When in doubt, we should also check what they teach against the Bible, "the law and the testimony" (1 Thessalonians 5:21; 1 John 4:1 ^er).

True Discipleship and the Danger of Self-Deception

In this section, Jesus warns that not everyone who claims to follow Him will enter the kingdom of heaven. He teaches that it is not enough to say religious words or do impressive acts; what matters is doing God’s will and having a real relationship with Him. Jesus explains that some people will be surprised on judgment day, thinking they are accepted by God because of their works, but He will tell them He never knew them. The section challenges us to examine our hearts and to make sure our faith is sincere, not just for show.

v. 21: Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Jesus says that saying religious words is not enough to be saved. Only those who actually do God’s will can enter God’s kingdom (Matthew 7:21 ^es).

v. 22: Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’ Jesus warns that many people will claim to have done great things for Him on the day of judgment. They will point to their works—preaching, casting out demons, and miracles—but these are not enough if they did not have a real relationship with God (Matthew 7:22 ^et).

v. 23: Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’ Jesus says that He will reject those who only pretended to serve Him. Even if they did impressive things, He will say, “I never knew you.” What matters most is truly knowing Jesus and obeying Him, not just doing things in His name (Matthew 7:23 ^eu).

In summary, Matthew 7:21–23 teaches us that being a true follower of Jesus is about doing God’s will and having a real relationship with Him, not just saying the right words or doing impressive things. We should examine our lives and make sure our faith is genuine and our actions come from a heart that truly loves and obeys God.