Exodus 23:14-17
14 “Three times ▼ in the year you must make a pilgrim feast ▼▼tn This is the word תָּחֹג (takhog) from the root חָגַג (khagag); it describes a feast that was accompanied by a pilgrimage. It was first used by Moses in his appeal that Israel go three days into the desert to hold such a feast.
to me. 15You are to observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread; seven days ▼▼tn This is an adverbial accusative of time.
you must eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you, at the appointed time of the month of Abib, for at that time ▼▼tn Heb “in it.”
you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before ▼▼tn The verb is a Niphal imperfect; the nuance of permission works well here—no one is permitted to appear before God empty (Heb “and they will not appear before me empty”).
me empty-handed. 16 “You are also to observe ▼▼tn The words “you are also to observe” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
the Feast of Harvest, the firstfruits of your labors that you have sown in the field, and the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year ▼▼tn An infinitive construct with a preposition and a pronominal suffix is used to make a temporal clause: “in the going in of the year.” The word “year” is the subjective genitive, the subject of the clause.
when you have gathered in ▼▼tn An infinitive construct with a preposition and a pronominal suffix is used to make a temporal clause: “in the ingathering of you.”
your harvest ▼▼tn Heb “gathered in your labors.” This is a metonymy of cause put for the effect. “Labors” are not gathered in, but what the labors produced—the harvest.
out of the field. 17At ▼▼tn Adverbial accusative of time: “three times” becomes “at three times.”
three times in the year all your males will appear before the Sovereign Lord. ▼▼tn Here the divine Name reads in Hebrew הָאָדֹן יְהוָה (haʾadon yehvah), which if rendered according to the traditional scheme of “Lord” for “Yahweh” would result in “Lord Lord.” A number of English versions therefore render this phrase “Lord God.”
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