Hab 3:6-15 | NET2full | STEP | He took his battle position and shook the earth ; with a mere look he frightened the nations . The ancient mountains disintegrated ; the primeval hills were flattened . His are ancient roads .

‏ Habakkuk 3:6-15

6 He took his battle position ^{▼▼tn Heb “he stood” or “took a stand.” The verb forms change to perfects and preterites in this verse, signaling past time and therefore a shift in perspective. The section starting here, the memory of the past, functions to certify the character of the future.} and shook ^{▼▼tn This verb has been traditionally understood as “measure” (from מָדַד, madad), but the immediately following context (vv. 6b-7) favors the meaning “shake” from מוּד (mud; see HALOT 555 s.v.).} the earth;
with a mere look he frightened ^{▼▼tn Heb “he looked and made [the] nations jump back [in fear].”} the nations.
The ancient mountains disintegrated; ^{▼▼tn Or “crumbled,” “broke into pieces.”}
the primeval hills were flattened.
His are ancient roads. ^{▼▼tn Heb “ancient ways [or, “doings”] are his.” The meaning of this line is unclear. Traditionally it has been translated, “his ways are eternal.” However, in this context (see vv. 3, 7) it is more likely that the line speaks of the Lord taking the same route as in the days of Moses and Deborah (see Deut 33:2; Judg 5:4). See J. J. M. Roberts, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah (OTL), 154.}
7 I saw the tents of Cushan overwhelmed by trouble; ^{▼▼tn Heb “under trouble I saw the tents of Cushan.”} ^{▼▼sn Cushan was located in southern Transjordan.}
the tent curtains of the land of Midian were ^{▼▼tn The prefixed verb form is understood as past habitual just as the imperfect functions in background clauses in narrative.} shaking. ^{▼▼tn R. D. Patterson takes תַּחַת אֲוֶן (takhat ʾaven) in the first line as a place name, “Tahath-Aven.” (Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah [WEC], 237.) In this case one may translate the verse as a tricolon: “I look at Tahath-Aven. The tents of Cushan are shaking, the tent curtains of the land of Midian.”}
8 Was ^{▼▼tn The verb is a perfect form and the root is stative so it could be past or present. Most translations render it as past (e.g. NASB, NIV, ESV, KJV, NRSV), though HCSB renders it present tense.} the Lord mad at the rivers?
Were you angry with the rivers?
Were you enraged at the sea? ^{▼▼sn The following context suggests these questions should be answered, “Yes.” The rivers and the sea, symbolizing here the hostile nations (v. 12), are objects of the Lord’s anger (vv. 10, 15).}
Such that ^{▼▼tn Heb “so that.” Here כִּי (ki) is resultative. See the note on the phrase “make it” in 2:18.} you would climb into your horse-drawn chariots, ^{▼▼tn Heb “you mount your horses.” As the next line makes clear, the Lord is pictured here as a charioteer, not a cavalryman. Note NRSV here, “when you drove your horses, // your chariots to victory.”}
your victorious chariots? ^{▼▼tn Or “chariots of deliverance.”}
9 Your bow is ready for action; ^{▼▼tn Heb “[into] nakedness your bow is laid bare.”}
you commission your arrows. ^{▼▼tn Heb “sworn in are the arrow-shafts with a word.” The passive participle of שָׁבַע (shava’), “swear an oath,” also occurs in Ezek 21:23 ET (21:28 HT) referencing those who have sworn allegiance. Here the Lord’s arrows are personified and viewed as having received a commission which they have vowed to uphold. In Jer 47:6-7 the Lord’s sword is given such a charge. In the Ugaritic myths Baal’s weapons are formally assigned the task of killing the sea god Yam.} Selah.
You cause flash floods on the earth’s surface. ^{▼▼tn Heb “[with] rivers you split open the earth.” A literal rendering like “You split the earth with rivers” (so NIV, NRSV) suggests geological activity to the modern reader, but in the present context of a violent thunderstorm, the idea of streams swollen to torrents by downpours better fits the imagery.} ^{▼▼sn As the Lord comes in a thunderstorm the downpour causes streams to swell to river-like proportions and spread over the surface of the ground, causing flash floods.}
10 When the mountains see you, they shake.
The torrential downpour sweeps through. ^{▼▼tn Heb “a heavy rain of waters passes by.” Perhaps the flash floods produced by the downpour are in view here.}
The great deep ^{▼▼sn The great deep, which is to be equated with the sea (vv. 8, 15), is a symbol of chaos and represents the Lord’s enemies.} shouts out;
it lifts its hands high. ^{▼▼sn Lifting the hands here suggests panic and is accompanied by a cry for mercy (see Ps 28:2; Lam 2:19). The forces of chaos cannot withstand the Lord’s power revealed in the storm.}
11 The sun and moon stand still in their courses; ^{▼▼tn Heb “in their lofty dwelling places.”}
the flash of your arrows drives them away, ^{▼▼tn Or “at the light of your arrows they vanish.”}
the bright light of your lightning-quick spear. ^{▼▼tn Heb “at the brightness of the lightning of your spear.”}
12 You furiously stomp on the earth;
you angrily trample down the nations.
13 You march out to deliver your people,
to deliver your special servant. ^{▼▼tn Heb “anointed one.” In light of the parallelism with “your people” in the preceding line this could refer to Israel, but elsewhere the Lord’s anointed one is always an individual. The Davidic king is the more likely referent here.}
You strike the leader of the wicked nation, ^{▼▼tn Heb “you strike the head from the house of wickedness.”}
laying him open from the lower body to the neck. ^{▼▼tn Heb “laying bare [from] foundation to neck.”} Selah.
14 You pierce the heads of his warriors ^{▼▼tn Some take “warriors” with the following line, in which case one should translate, “you pierce [his] head with a spear; his warriors storm forward to scatter us” (cf. NIV). The meaning of the Hebrew term פְּרָזוֹ (perazo), translated here “his warriors,” is uncertain.} with a spear. ^{▼▼tc Heb “his shafts.” Some emend to “your shafts.” The translation above assumes an emendation to מַטֶּה (matteh, “shaft, spear”), the vav-yod (ו-י) sequence being derived from an original he (ה).}
They storm forward to scatter us; ^{▼▼tn Heb “me,” but the author speaks as a representative of God’s people.}
they shout with joy as if they were plundering the poor with no opposition. ^{▼▼tn Heb “their rejoicing is like devouring the poor in secret.”}
15 But you trample on the sea with your horses,
on the surging, raging waters. ^{▼▼tn Heb “the foaming of the mighty [or “many”] waters.”}