Judges 19:1-21
Sodom and Gomorrah Revisited
1 In those days Israel had no king. There was a Levite ▼▼tn Heb “a man, a Levite.”
living temporarily in the remote region of the Ephraimite hill country. He acquired a concubine ▼ from Bethlehem in Judah. 2However, she ▼▼tn Heb “and his concubine.” The pronoun (“she”) has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
got angry at him ▼▼tn Or “was unfaithful to him.” Many have understood the Hebrew verb וַתִּזְנֶה (vattizneh) as being from זָנָה (zanah, “to be a prostitute”), but it may be derived from a root meaning “to be angry; to hate” attested in Akkadian (see HALOT 275 s.v. II זנה).
and went home ▼▼tn Heb “went from him.”
to her father’s house in Bethlehem in Judah. When she had been there four months, 3her husband came ▼▼tn Heb “arose and came.”
after her, hoping he could convince her to return. ▼▼tn Heb “to speak to her heart to bring her back.”
He brought with him his servant ▼▼tn Or “young man.”
and a pair of donkeys. When she brought him into her father’s house and the girl’s father saw him, he greeted him warmly. ▼▼tn Heb “he was happy to meet him.”
4His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded him to stay with him for three days, and they ate and drank together, and spent the night there. 5On the fourth day they woke up early and the Levite got ready to leave. ▼▼tn Heb “and he arose to go.”
But the girl’s father said to his son-in-law, “Have a bite to eat for some energy, ▼▼tn Heb “Sustain your heart [with] a bit of food.”
then you can go.” 6So the two of them sat down and had a meal together. ▼▼tn Heb “And they sat and ate, the two of them together, and they drank.”
Then the girl’s father said to the man, “Why not stay another night and have a good time?” ▼▼tn Heb “Be willing and spend the night so that your heart might be good.”
7When the man got ready to leave, ▼▼tn Heb “and the man arose to go.”
his father-in-law convinced him to stay another night. ▼▼tn Heb “his father-in-law persuaded him and he again spent the night there.”
8He woke up early in the morning on the fifth day so he could leave, but the girl’s father said, “Get some energy! ▼▼tn Heb “Sustain your heart.” He is once more inviting him to stay for a meal.
Wait until later in the day to leave.” ▼▼tn Heb “Wait until the declining of the day.”
So they ate a meal together. 9When the man got ready to leave ▼▼tn Heb “the man arose to go.”
with his concubine and his servant, ▼▼tn Or “young man.”
his father-in-law, the girl’s father, said to him, “Look! The day is almost over. ▼▼tn Heb “the day is sinking to become evening.”
Stay another night! Since the day is over, ▼▼tn Or “declining.”
stay another night here and have a good time. You can get up early tomorrow and start your trip home.” ▼▼tn Heb “for your way and go to your tent.”
10But the man did not want to stay another night. He left ▼▼tn Heb “and he arose and went.”
and traveled as far as ▼▼tn Heb “to the front of.”
Jebus (that is, Jerusalem). He had with him a pair of saddled donkeys and his concubine. ▼▼tc Some ancient witnesses add “and his servant.”
11 When they got near Jebus, it was getting quite late ▼▼tn Heb “and the day was descending greatly.”
and the servant ▼▼tn Or “young man.”
said to his master, “Come on, let’s stop at ▼▼tn Heb “turn aside” (also in the following verse).
this Jebusite city and spend the night in it.” 12But his master said to him, “We should not stop at a foreign city where non-Israelites live. ▼▼tn Heb “[in] which not any of the sons of Israel [are] here.”
We will travel on to Gibeah.” 13He said to his servant, ▼▼tn Or “young man.”
“Come on, we will go into one of the other towns ▼▼tn Heb “we will enter one of the places.”
and spend the night in Gibeah or Ramah.” 14So they traveled on, ▼▼tn Heb “and they passed by and went.”
and the sun went down when they were near Gibeah in the territory of Benjamin. ▼▼tn Heb “which belongs to Benjamin.”
15They stopped there and decided to spend the night ▼▼tn Heb “they turned aside there to enter to spend the night.”
in Gibeah. They came into the city and sat down in the town square, but no one invited them to spend the night. ▼▼tn Heb “and he entered and sat down, and there was no one receiving them into the house to spend the night.”
16 But then an old man passed by, returning at the end of the day from his work in the field. ▼▼tn Heb “And look, an old man was coming from his work, from the field in the evening.”
The man was from the Ephraimite hill country; he was living temporarily in Gibeah. (The residents of the town were Benjaminites.) ▼▼tn Heb “And the men of the place were Benjaminites.”
17When he looked up and saw the traveler ▼▼tn Heb “the man, the traveler.”
in the town square, the old man said, “Where are you heading? Where do you come from?” 18The Levite ▼▼tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Levite) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
said to him, “We are traveling from Bethlehem in Judah to the remote region of the Ephraimite hill country. That’s where I’m from. I had business in Bethlehem in Judah, but now I’m heading home. ▼▼tn Heb “I went to Bethlehem in Judah, but [to] the house of the Lord I am going.” The Hebrew text has “house of the Lord,” which might refer to the shrine at Shiloh. The LXX reads “to my house.”
But no one has invited me into their home. 19We have enough straw and grain for our donkeys, and there is enough food and wine for me, your female servant, ▼▼tn By calling his concubine the old man’s “female servant,” the Levite emphasizes their dependence on him for shelter.
and the young man who is with your servants. ▼▼tc Some Hebrew mss and ancient witnesses read the singular, “your servant,” which would refer to the Levite. If one retains the plural, then both the Levite and his wife are in view. In either case the pronominal suffix emphasizes their dependence on the old man for shelter.
We lack nothing.” 20The old man said, “Everything is just fine. ▼▼tn Heb “Peace to you.”
I will take care of all your needs. But don’t spend the night in the town square.” 21So he brought him to his house and fed the donkeys. They washed their feet and had a meal. ▼▼tn Heb “ate and drank.”
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