Ephesians 1:20-23
1:21 a he is far above: Jesus’ power and authority transcend all rival powers, whether human or spiritual, in this age and the coming age (see 3:10 b; 6:12 c; John 12:31 d; Rom 8:38-39 e; 1 Cor 15:24 f; Col 1:13 g; 2:10 h, 15 i; 1 Pet 3:22 j; Rev 12:7-9 k).1:22 l under the authority of Christ (literally under his feet): In pictures from the ancient Near East, victorious kings have their feet on the necks of their defeated enemies. Paul is graphically picturing the way Christ has defeated all his enemies and reigns as king of all things (see Ps 110:1 m; 1 Cor 15:25-28 n).
1:23 o it is made full and complete by Christ, who fills all things everywhere with himself (or it is the full expression of the one who fills everything everywhere): This difficult phrase probably means that the church, as his body, is the full expression of Christ in this world. His presence, which fills the entire universe (4:10 p), is reflected in and works through his body.
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