Eph 2 | TNotes | STEP | Summary for Eph 2:1-10: 2:1-10 Paul reflects on the terrible situation of the believers before they believed in Christ and the grace of God that has spared them. Summary for Eph 2:1-3: 2:1-3 Paul’s readers were once like dead people before God (see 2:5 ; Col 2:13 ). Because of their disobedience and sins , driven by the power of the devil , they were condemned along with the rest of the world to suffer God’s judgment.

Summary for Eph 2:1-10: 2:1-10 ^a Paul reflects on the terrible situation of the believers before they believed in Christ and the grace of God that has spared them.
Summary for Eph 2:1-3: 2:1-3 ^b Paul’s readers were once like dead people before God (see 2:5 ^c; Col 2:13 ^d). Because of their disobedience and sins, driven by the power of the devil, they were condemned along with the rest of the world to suffer God’s judgment.
2:2 ^e Human sin results from our being governed by the devil, the spirit who rules both the powers of evil in the spiritual realm (see 1:21 ^f; 6:11-12 ^g; cp. Col 1:13 ^h) and human beings who refuse to obey God (2 Cor 4:4 ⁱ; contrast Rom 8:2-14 ^j; Gal 5:22-23 ^k).
2:3 ^l Unconverted people are naturally under the control of the passionate desires and inclinations of our sinful nature (see Rom 3:9-20 ^m, 23 ⁿ). Because of their sin, they are subject to God’s anger, because God hates sin (see Eph 5:6 ^o; Rom 1:18 ^p; 2:5 ^q, 8 ^r; 3:5 ^s, 19 ^t; 4:15 ^u; 5:9 ^v; 9:22 ^w; 12:19 ^x; 13:4-5 ^y; Col 3:6 ^z; 1 Thes 1:10 ^aa; 2:16 ^ab; 5:9 ^ac).
Summary for Eph 2:4-10: 2:4-10 ^ad By God’s mercy, kindness, and love, those who are joined to Jesus Christ are saved from the terrible consequences of their sin and enjoy the benefits of Christ’s resurrection.
2:5 ^ae gave us life when he raised Christ from the dead (literally made us alive together with Christ): Joined with Christ, believers share in his resurrection, now and in the future (see 2:6 ^af; Rom 6:4-14 ^ag; Col 3:1-4 ^ah).

• It is only by God’s grace that you have been saved: See Eph 1:2 ^ai; 2:8-9 ^aj.
2:6 ^ak united with Christ Jesus: Because of this union, believers share God’s glory and blessings, and experience resurrection both now and in the future (see Rom 6:4-14 ^al; Col 2:12-13 ^am; 3:1-4 ^an).
2:7 ^ao grace: See study note on 1:2.
Summary for Eph 2:8-9: 2:8-9 ^ap This is a concise summary of how a person is saved. It is a cardinal tenet of the Good News that people are made righteous through trust in Christ rather than through their own merit (see Rom 1:16-17 ^aq; 3:24-25 ^ar; Gal 2:16 ^as; cp. John 3:16 ^at, 36 ^au). Salvation is not a reward for the good things we have done (see Rom 3:21–4:8 ^av; 9:16 ^aw; Gal 3:2-10 ^ax; 5:1-6 ^ay; cp. 2 Tim 1:9 ^az; Titus 3:5 ^ba). Salvation is for those who trust Christ alone to save them. As a result, none of us can boast about it (cp. Rom 3:27 ^bb; 4:2 ^bc; 1 Cor 1:30-31 ^bd; Gal 6:14 ^be).
2:10 ^bf He has created us anew in Christ Jesus, so we can do the good things he planned for us: Good works are the result, not the cause, of salvation. God’s Spirit, working through a transformed heart, produces a good life (Gal 5:22-23 ^bg).
Summary for Eph 2:11-22: 2:11-22 ^bh Paul now focuses on the grace that God has given particularly to Gentiles (non-Jews), bringing them into his family and uniting them with Jews in a new, unified, multiethnic community—the body of Christ, the church. Paul’s emphasis on the inclusion of Gentiles might suggest they were experiencing discrimination from Jewish Christians. 2:11 ^bi Traditionally, Jews disdained Gentiles, considering them “uncircumcised heathens” who were excluded from God’s people (see Gen 17:9-14 ^bj). Paul argues that judging people by their bodies and not their hearts is superficial—in Christ, physical circumcision means nothing (see Rom 2:28-29 ^bk).
2:12 ^bl Before their conversion, Gentiles had no part in God’s people or the covenant promises God had made to them; they were without God and without hope (see 4:18 ^bm; Col 1:21 ^bn).
2:13 ^bo Only by being united with Christ Jesus through trust in him can a person be reconciled to God (see Rom 5:10-12 ^bp; 2 Cor 5:18-21 ^bq). The blood of Christ—his sacrificial death—makes this possible (see Eph 1:7 ^br; Rom 3:24-25 ^bs; 5:9 ^bt; Col 1:20 ^bu; cp. Heb 9:12-15 ^bv; 1 Pet 1:19 ^bw; 1 Jn 1:7 ^bx; Rev 1:5 ^by; 5:9 ^bz).
2:14 ^ca Christ himself has brought peace to us: Peace with God (2:16-17 ^cb; Rom 5:1 ^cc, 10-11 ^cd, 18-21 ^ce; Col 1:20-22 ^cf) and between Jews and Gentiles (see Eph 2:15-16 ^cg; 4:3 ^ch).

• the wall of hostility that separated us: Social and religious practices traditionally divided Jews from Gentiles. A low wall around the Temple in Jerusalem marked the boundary beyond which Gentiles were not allowed to step. It symbolized the distinction Jews drew between themselves and Gentiles.
2:15 ^ci ending the system of law: See Rom 10:4 ^cj; Col 2:14 ^ck; cp. Rom 6:14 ^cl; 7:4-6 ^cm.

• The church is one new people, a community where love and acceptance are prized and ethnic distinctions are no longer a source of division (see Rom 15:7-12 ^cn; Gal 3:28 ^co; cp. John 10:16 ^cp).
2:16 ^cq Christ’s death on the cross reconciles humans to God, and also Jews and Gentiles to each other.
2:17 ^cr far away ... near: This verse possibly alludes to Isa 57:19 ^cs.

• The Greek text lacks the words Gentiles and Jews, but they are implied (see Eph 2:13 ^ct; see also study note on 1:12-13).
2:18 ^cu Because of Christ’s sacrifice for sins, both Jewish and Gentile believers receive the Holy Spirit, which makes it possible for them to approach God openly (see 3:12 ^cv; cp. Acts 10:34-37 ^cw, 44-48 ^cx; 1 Pet 3:18 ^cy).
2:19 ^cz Gentiles who believe are no longer strangers and foreigners (2:11-12 ^da, 17 ^db). Through Christ, they are fully accepted into God’s family. They become children of God, just like believing Jews (see Rom 8:14-17 ^dc).
2:20 ^dd Apostles are missionary evangelists commissioned by God.

• Here, the prophets appear to be New Testament prophets, not Old Testament ones (see 3:5 ^de; 4:11 ^df; see also 1 Cor 12:10 ^dg, 28-29 ^dh; 14:1-5 ^di, 22-24 ^dj, 29-32 ^dk, 39 ^dl; cp. Acts 13:1 ^dm; 19:6 ^dn; 21:9-10 ^do). In both the Old Testament and New Testament, prophets are not primarily predictors of the future but are empowered to speak a message from God (see 1 Cor 12:10 ^dp).

• The church is built on the foundation of the apostles and the prophets (or on the foundation laid by the apostles and prophets)—that is, on their faithful witness to the saving message of Christ (see Rev 21:14 ^dq; cp. Matt 16:18 ^dr). However, the cornerstone is Christ Jesus himself, the Messiah, Savior, and Lord (cp. 1 Cor 3:11 ^ds). The cornerstone is the most important stone in a building’s foundation (see Isa 28:16 ^dt; Mark 12:10 ^du; Acts 4:11 ^dv; 1 Pet 2:6-7 ^dw).
2:21 ^dx Joined together in Christ, Gentile and Jewish Christians become a holy temple for the Lord, because the Lord himself is among his people (see Matt 18:20 ^dy; 28:20 ^dz; 1 Cor 3:16 ^ea; 1 Pet 2:4-5 ^eb).