Genesis 3:14-15
Summary for Gen 3:14-19: 3:14-19 a The parties were judged in the order of their transgression—serpent, woman, man. Each received a punishment unique to his or her situation, and each had a key relationship altered. God is principled in judgment, not fickle; each punishment is proportionate to the offense. 3:14 b to the serpent: Though later revelation identifies the deceiver as Satan, it is the created animal who was cursed, like the ground (3:17 c).• Groveling in the dust reflects a posture of humiliation and defeat (Ps 72:9 d; Mic 7:17 e).
3:15 f hostility: The prophet Isaiah envisions the day when the Messiah’s kingdom will restore all of creation to a harmonious state like the Garden of Eden before humans sinned (see Isa 11:8 g).
• her offspring (literally her seed): This collective noun can refer to a single descendant or many. The ancient Near Eastern concept of corporate solidarity (e.g., “you and your descendants,” Gen 28:14 h) is also behind this description of the ongoing hostility that would exist between humans and snakes. The pattern is set using singular terms (He ... you). Christian interpreters have traditionally understood this verse as a prophecy of Christ, the seed of Abraham and the culmination of the woman’s seed (Gal 3:16 i; 4:4 j).
• strike: The striking of his heel is a reference to the suffering of God’s servant (see Isa 53 k), while striking the serpent’s head—a more definitive blow—is ultimately fulfilled in Christ’s death, resurrection, and final victory over Satan (1 Cor 15:55-57 l; Rev 12:7-9 m; 20:7-10 n).
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