a1:24
b31:5
c1:25

‏ Isaiah 1:23-25

1:24  a The Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the Mighty One of Israel, was usually Israel’s protector (31:5  b). However, in this context, God was coming to take revenge against his own people, who by their wickedness had become his enemies and foes.
1:25  c I will raise my fist against you: God, normally Israel’s protector, would become their attacker. However, he had a purpose beyond punishment.

• I will melt you down. ... I will remove all your impurities: God would use the Exile to remove the wicked from among his people and to refine those who would return.
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