Isa 1:9-10 | TNotes | STEP | 1:9 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies refers to the millions of angels that are at the Lord’s command (see 2 Kgs 6:16-17 ; Matt 26:53 ). At the Exodus, Moses described God as a warrior fighting for his people (Exod 15:1-21 ). Ironically, in Isaiah’s day, God fought against Judah because of their wickedness (Isa 1:24 ; 3:1-5 ).

a1:9►

b2 Kgs 6:16-17►

cMatt 26:53►

dExod 15:1-21►

eIsa 1:24►

f3:1-5►

g1:10►

h2:3►

i5:24►

j1:9►

kGen 19►

‏ Isaiah 1:9-10

1:9 ^a The Lord of Heaven’s Armies refers to the millions of angels that are at the Lord’s command (see 2 Kgs 6:16-17 ^b; Matt 26:53 ^c). At the Exodus, Moses described God as a warrior fighting for his people (Exod 15:1-21 ^d). Ironically, in Isaiah’s day, God fought against Judah because of their wickedness (Isa 1:24 ^e; 3:1-5 ^f).
1:10 ^g Listen to (literally listen to the word of) the Lord: In this context, listen means to respond in obedience to the law (or teaching; Hebrew torah) of our God (see 2:3 ^h; 5:24 ⁱ).

• leaders ... people: All levels of society were guilty.

• Like Sodom and Gomorrah, Jerusalem had come under divine judgment for its rebellion against God’s laws. Jerusalem might have been utterly destroyed like those cities were it not for God’s grace (1:9 ^j; see Gen 19 ^k).