Isaiah 18
18:1 a Ethiopia was at the southern extremity of the kingdom of Egypt. At the time, Egypt was ruled by the dynasty of the Ethiopian Piankhi.18:3 b Both the battle flag and ram’s horn were used to marshal and send signals to armies in battle (see Judg 3:27 c; 6:34 d; 2 Sam 2:28 e).
18:4 f The Lord is untroubled by human activities; he watches quietly from his dwelling place and acts in his own time (see Ps 2:1-4 g).
18:5 h your plans are ripening: Ethiopia had made every effort to form alliances to protect itself against Assyria, but its alliance with Judah would not help.
18:7 i Conquered or weaker nations were often forced to pay tribute to a dominant king in the region (see 16:1 j; 2 Kgs 3:4-5 k). The Ethiopians would come bringing gifts to honor the Lord for his defeat of the Assyrians (see also 2 Chr 32:23 l).
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