Jude 8-9 | TNotes | STEP | 1:8 supernatural beings: Literally glorious ones, which are probably evil angels. In the Old Testament and in Judaism, angels were given a prominent role in the judgment. The false teachers might have been downplaying the reality of a judgment to come (see 1:18 ; 2 Pet 3:3-4 ) or denying the glorious origin of these fallen angels (cp. 2 Pet 2:10 ).

a1:8►

b1:18►

c2 Pet 3:3-4►

d2 Pet 2:10►

e1:9►

f1 Thes 4:16►

gDan 10:13►

h21►

i12:1►

jRev 12:7►

‏ Jude 8-9

1:8 ^a supernatural beings: Literally glorious ones, which are probably evil angels. In the Old Testament and in Judaism, angels were given a prominent role in the judgment. The false teachers might have been downplaying the reality of a judgment to come (see 1:18 ^b; 2 Pet 3:3-4 ^c) or denying the glorious origin of these fallen angels (cp. 2 Pet 2:10 ^d).
1:9 ^e Michael, one of the mightiest of the angels: In Jewish tradition, “archangel” was the highest rank of angel (see also 1 Thes 4:16 ^f). Michael is mentioned several other times in Scripture (Dan 10:13 ^g, 21 ^h; 12:1 ⁱ; Rev 12:7 ^j); the story about him fighting with the devil about Moses’ body is not in the Old Testament but is preserved in Jewish tradition (see Assumption of Moses).