Revelation of John 18:11-17
Summary for Rev 18:11-17: 18:11-17 a The merchants of the world sing the second lament (18:14 b; see study note on 18:9-19). They profited from the Roman economy (18:12-13 c), but their trade ceased as the great city was swiftly destroyed.Summary for Rev 18:12-13: 18:12-13 d This cargo list suggests the extent of the wealth Rome pillaged from the rest of its empire (cp. Ezek 27:12-24 e). Some of the most expensive products in the ancient world are mentioned in this indictment of ostentatious materialism and pride.
18:13 f bodies: Rome developed a huge slave market, which some historians have estimated at nearly 20% of the population.
Summary for Rev 18:14-17: 18:14-17 g The merchants would lament the fall of Rome (see study note on 18:1-3) because it would forever end their accustomed luxuries. Material goods can be swept aside in a single moment.
Summary for Rev 18:17-19: 18:17-19 h all the captains: Seafarers sing the third lament (see study note on 18:9-19). Their mourning focuses on the breakdown of communication and transportation. During the reign of Julius Caesar, the Mediterranean was cleared of pirates and trade blossomed under the region’s Roman law enforcement. The swift loss of Roman authority would upset the system of trade.
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