Romans 9:17-24
9:17 a God told Pharaoh: At God’s direction, Moses had asked Pharaoh to let the people of Israel leave Egypt for their own land (Exod 9:16 b). When Pharaoh stubbornly refused, God displayed miracle after miracle to convince Israel, Pharaoh, and the Egyptians of God’s power and authority (see Exod 6:7 c; 7:5 d; 9:14-16 e; 14:31 f).9:18 g he chooses to harden the hearts of others so they refuse to listen: Pharaoh refused to let Israel go because his heart was hardened. God hardened Pharaoh’s heart (Exod 9:12 h), and Pharaoh hardened his own heart (Exod 8:15 i).
Summary for Rom 9:20-21: 9:20-21 j See Isa 29:16 k; 45:9-10 l.
Summary for Rom 9:24-26: 9:24-26 m God was free to select people from the Jews who would have a true spiritual relationship with him; similarly, he was also free to choose some from the Gentiles to be saved as well. Paul uses the prophecy of Hosea to reinforce his point. Hosea predicted that God would renew his mercy to the ten northern tribes that had rebelled against God and were under his judgment. Paul saw a principle that applies to Gentiles as well.
• Those who were not my people: See study note on 10:19.
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