1Ch 18-20 | TNotes | STEP | Summary for 1Chr 18:1-20:8: 18:1–20:8 This section recounts David’s wars and military achievements, presenting David as the great warrior of Israel’s history. This account relates the public and political aspects of David’s enemies, but it deals very little with their private affairs. • Three distinct sections reflect accounts in Samuel: (1) the battles in the expansion of the kingdom (18:1-17 ; see 2 Sam 8:1-16 ); (2) the battle against the Ammonites (1 Chr 19:1–20:3 ; see 2 Sam 10:1–11:1 ; 12:30-31 ); and (3) the exploits of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 20:4-8 ; see 2 Sam 21:18-22 ). Each section begins with a chronological transition ( after this ) that loosely joins these events (1 Chr 18:1 ; 19:1 ; 20:4 ). Summary for 1Chr 18:1-17: 18:1-17 These war records tell the story of David’s expanding kingdom in conquering the Philistines (18:1 ), Moab (18:2 ), Zobah (18:3-4 ), Damascus (18:5-6 ), and Edom (18:12-13 ); these include records of David’s international relations, spoils, and tribute (18:7-11 ). A recurring theme is that the Lord made David victorious wherever he went (18:6 , 13 ). 18:1 The Philistines posed a constant threat to David’s kingdom (see study notes on Josh 13:2; 19:43; Judg 3:3). They remained entrenched in their coastal settlements; although David conquered Gath and its surrounding towns , a Philistine king remained in Gath at the end of David’s reign (1 Kgs 2:39 ).

Summary for 1Chr 18:1-20:8: 18:1–20:8 ^a This section recounts David’s wars and military achievements, presenting David as the great warrior of Israel’s history. This account relates the public and political aspects of David’s enemies, but it deals very little with their private affairs.

• Three distinct sections reflect accounts in Samuel: (1) the battles in the expansion of the kingdom (18:1-17 ^b; see 2 Sam 8:1-16 ^c); (2) the battle against the Ammonites (1 Chr 19:1–20:3 ^d; see 2 Sam 10:1–11:1 ^e; 12:30-31 ^f); and (3) the exploits of David’s mighty men (1 Chr 20:4-8 ^g; see 2 Sam 21:18-22 ^h). Each section begins with a chronological transition (after this) that loosely joins these events (1 Chr 18:1 ⁱ; 19:1 ^j; 20:4 ^k).
Summary for 1Chr 18:1-17: 18:1-17 ^l These war records tell the story of David’s expanding kingdom in conquering the Philistines (18:1 ^m), Moab (18:2 ⁿ), Zobah (18:3-4 ^o), Damascus (18:5-6 ^p), and Edom (18:12-13 ^q); these include records of David’s international relations, spoils, and tribute (18:7-11 ^r). A recurring theme is that the Lord made David victorious wherever he went (18:6 ^s, 13 ^t). 18:1 ^u The Philistines posed a constant threat to David’s kingdom (see study notes on Josh 13:2; 19:43; Judg 3:3). They remained entrenched in their coastal settlements; although David conquered Gath and its surrounding towns, a Philistine king remained in Gath at the end of David’s reign (1 Kgs 2:39 ^v).
Summary for 1Chr 18:2-13: 18:2-13 ^w David’s conquests east of the Jordan River took place in stages. The conquest of Moab in the south gave David firm control over the plateau north of the Arnon River. David’s victory over the Aramean alliance under Hadadezer brought him into alliance with King Toi of Hamath, an archenemy of Hadadezer (18:9-11 ^x). With the defeat of Ammon and the Arameans east of the Jordan, David extended his control over the southern expanses of Edom and gained access to a southern seaport (18:12-13 ^y).
Summary for 1Chr 18:14-17: 18:14-17 ^z The listing of David’s officials demonstrates the greatness of his rule over all of Israel.

‏ 1 Chronicles 19

Summary for 1Chr 19:1-7: 19:1-7 ^aa The new Ammonite ruler, Hanun, took exception to Israel’s presence so close to his nation. The Ammonites hired Aramean armies from the north, and these combined forces assembled at Medeba to challenge David’s control of Moab’s plateau.
Summary for 1Chr 19:9-13: 19:9-13 ^ab The enemy armies drew their battle lines strategically; the Ammonites positioned themselves so that the city of Medeba could serve as a refuge, while the Israelites also had to deal with a second offensive from the Arameans. Joab divided his forces to fight on both fronts from a central rallying point.
19:13 ^ac Joab knew that the battle was not being waged to gain more territory but to defend the people and the cities of Israel from invasion (cp. 19:8 ^ad).

• Joab placed his trust in God, knowing that the outcome depended on the Lord’s providence.
Summary for 1Chr 19:16-19: 19:16-19 ^ae In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.

‏ 1 Chronicles 20

Summary for 1Chr 20:1-3: 20:1-3 ^af This war against the Ammonites was the context of David’s sin with Bathsheba (2 Sam 11:2–12:25 ^ag), which the Chronicler omits.