2 Kings 23:36-37
23:36 a Jehoiakim, Jehoahaz’s older brother (cp. 23:31 b), reigned eleven years (609–598 BC).23:37 c did what was evil: The record in the book of Jeremiah characterizes Jehoiakim as a total apostate (see Jer 22:13-23 d; 25:1-14 e; 26:20-23 f; 36:1-32 g).
2 Kings 24:1-6
Summary for 2Kgs 24:1-25:21: 24:1–25:21 h Nebuchadnezzar II invaded Judah on at least three occasions (605, 597, 586 BC) and took plunder from Jerusalem and captives to Babylon (see 24:1 i, 10-17 j; 25:1-21 k). 24:1 l In 605 BC, Nebuchadnezzar commanded forces that defeated the remaining Assyrian army and an Egyptian contingent at Carchemish (see Jer 46:2 m). While he campaigned in the west, his father, Nabopolassar, died, and Nebuchadnezzar returned home to assume the throne as Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BC). When he rejoined his troops, they easily moved down the Mediterranean coast. Sometime during this campaign, he invaded the land of Judah and took much plunder and many captives to Babylon, including Daniel and his three friends (Dan 1:1-7 n). Jehoiakim was made a vassal to Nebuchadnezzar and paid him tribute for three years. When Pharaoh Neco defeated the Babylonians at the Egyptian border in 601 BC, Jehoiakim rebelled, seizing the opportunity to gain his independence.24:2 o Nebuchadnezzar bided his time between 601 and 598 BC while consolidating his hold on the west, sending various raiders to harass Judah.
24:3 p because of the Lord’s command: The root of Judah’s problems was its incorrigible spiritual infidelity. Despite Josiah’s reforms, the sins of Manasseh permeated Judah so that divine judgment was inevitable.
24:4 q innocent blood: Tradition holds that Manasseh murdered the prophet Isaiah by sawing him in two (cp. Heb 11:37 r).
24:6 s Jehoiakim died in 598 BC, evidently during Nebuchadnezzar’s second campaign against Jerusalem (Josephus reports that Nebuchadnezzar executed Jehoiakim; see Josephus, Antiquities 10.6.3; cp. Jer 22:18-19 t; 36:30-31 u).
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