2 Samuel 23:13-17
23:13 a The cave of Adullam was a place of refuge for David from Saul (see 1 Sam 22:1 b).• The valley of Rephaim was located between Bethlehem and Jerusalem (see 2 Sam 5:17-25 c).
Summary for 2Sam 23:15-16: 23:15-16 d remarked longingly: This Hebrew verb elsewhere carries the idea of excessive desire (see Num 11:4 e, “began to crave”; Ps 106:14 f, “desires ran wild”). It is unclear whether David’s craving for water was excessive, but it certainly led to dangerous exploits.
• well by the gate: David had memories from his younger days of growing up in Bethlehem. The location of the well is unknown.
23:17 g This water ... these men: When David poured the hard-won water on the ground, it did not signal ingratitude. Rather, he regarded the water as equivalent to the warriors’ blood; it represented life that only God was worthy to receive (Lev 17:10-13 h; Deut 12:23-24 i).
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