Deu 5:7-21 | TNotes

5:9 ^a The children of sinful parents are not punished for the wrongdoings of their mothers and fathers, but the sins of any generation have consequences that last for generations (see 2 Sam 12:10 ^b).

• The term reject (literally hate) does not relate to having bitter and hostile feelings but to forsaking a relationship.
5:10 ^c who love me: Those who choose to accept the Lord do not hate or reject him.
5:11 ^d misuse the name (literally take up the name in vain): Someone who “takes the name of the Lord in vain” uses it manipulatively to achieve a desired end, uses it thoughtlessly, or takes an oath by God’s name that a falsehood is true.
5:12 ^e keeping it holy: Certain holy days were set apart from others and were given extraordinary significance. On the Sabbath day, the community stopped working and worshiped the Lord (cp. 1 Cor 16:2 ^f; Heb 10:25 ^g).
5:15 ^h That is why: God commanded Israel to observe a day of rest to remember that God ceased his work of creation on the seventh day (Exod 20:11 ⁱ). In Deuteronomy, the Sabbath also celebrated Israel’s release from Egyptian bondage. In the Christian tradition, the first day rather than the seventh is generally set apart to observe the most significant event in Christian history, the resurrection of Jesus Christ (see study note on Rev 1:10).
Summary for Deut 5:16-20: 5:16-20 ^j Jesus quoted these five commands in response to the question, “What must I do to inherit eternal life?” (Matt 19:17-19 ^k; Mark 10:19 ^l; Luke 18:20 ^m). 5:16 ⁿ Honor: Since parents are representatives of divine authority, children are to recognize them as worthy of obedience and great respect (cp. Eph 6:1-3 ^o).
5:17 ^p murder: The Hebrew word can mean either “kill” or “murder.” Killing was permitted in war and as punishment in capital cases, so here it must refer to premeditated homicide. See Jesus’ comments in Matt 5:21-22 ^q.
5:18 ^r adultery: See Jesus’ comments about adultery in Matt 5:27-28 ^s.
5:21 ^t covet: This commandment differs from the others because it pertains to a desire rather than to an act. An evil desire is no less offensive to God than an evil deed (see Matt 5:27-28 ^u).