Gal 5:13-6:10 | TNotes | STEP | Summary for Gal 5:13-26: 5:13–6:10 Having shown that justification comes by faith alone, Paul now addresses the question, “If we don’t keep the law, then what will guide our conduct?” His answer is that righteousness comes from the Spirit. The Judaizers probably warned that Paul’s message of freedom (5:1 ) would put believers on a slippery slope to moral ruin. Paul argues that freedom is not a license to sin, because love guides Christians. Liberty should be used to serve one another in love (cp. 2:20 ; 2 Cor 5:14-15 ).

Summary for Gal 5:13-26: 5:13–6:10 ^a Having shown that justification comes by faith alone, Paul now addresses the question, “If we don’t keep the law, then what will guide our conduct?” His answer is that righteousness comes from the Spirit. The Judaizers probably warned that Paul’s message of freedom (5:1 ^b) would put believers on a slippery slope to moral ruin. Paul argues that freedom is not a license to sin, because love guides Christians. Liberty should be used to serve one another in love (cp. 2:20 ^c; 2 Cor 5:14-15 ^d).
5:14 ^e the whole law can be summed up (or the whole law is fulfilled): Christ’s followers fulfill the law by exercising love toward every neighbor (Lev 19:18 ^f; see Matt 7:12 ^g; Luke 6:27-36 ^h; 10:25-37 ⁱ; John 13:34-35 ^j; 15:9-17 ^k; Rom 13:8-10 ^l).
5:15 ^m The opposite of love is biting and devouring one another (cp. Ps 35:25 ⁿ; Prov 30:14 ^o; Jer 8:17 ^p). People who do not love are characterized by strife and bitterness. They will end up destroying one another. By contrast, love gives life to others (John 3:16 ^q; 15:12-13 ^r).
Summary for Gal 5:16-26: 5:16-26 ^s A law-free faith will not lead to moral ruin because having the Holy Spirit to guide people’s lives changes their hearts to follow the will of God and not sin (cp. Jer 31:33 ^t; Heb 8:10 ^u).
5:17 ^v We cannot simply decide to keep the law and not sin: A war rages between God’s Spirit and our sinful nature (see Rom 7:14-25 ^w; 1 Pet 2:11 ^x; cp. Gen 4:7 ^y). The answer is not human effort at law-keeping, but living by God’s Spirit. When we are resurrected, we will finally be freed from sin (see Rom 8:18-25 ^z).
5:18 ^aa Those who are directed by the Spirit are under the Spirit’s authority and not under obligation to the law. They do not answer to the law but to the Spirit of God. It was not Paul’s intent to justify civil disobedience (see Rom 13:1-7 ^ab; Titus 3:1 ^ac; cp. 1 Pet 2:13-17 ^ad). He was addressing the means of obtaining spiritual righteousness before God.
Summary for Gal 5:19-26: 5:19-26 ^ae These two lists contrast life dominated by the sinful nature (5:19-21 ^af) with life led by the Spirit (5:22-26 ^ag). Living by the Spirit means observing a higher ethical standard than can be achieved under the law. 5:19 ^ah When you follow ... the results are (literally The works of the flesh are): An emphasis on law-keeping and sinful actions both flow from trying to live apart from the power of God’s Spirit.

• very clear: Basic understanding of right and wrong is universal (cp. Rom 1:32 ^ai; 2:14-15 ^aj; 1 Cor 5:1 ^ak), though some people suppress this awareness (Rom 1:18-21 ^al).

• The list begins with sexual immorality; in contrast, the list of Christian virtues begins with love (Gal 5:22 ^am). All kinds of sexual misconduct were common (cp. Rom 1:24-27 ^an; 1 Cor 5:1 ^ao; 6:15-18 ^ap; 2 Cor 12:21 ^aq; 2 Pet 3:10 ^ar, 18 ^as). Sexual immorality was connected in paganism with fertility worship (cp. Rev 2:14 ^at, 20 ^au).

• Moral impurity removes holiness and makes fellowship with a holy God impossible (see Matt 23:27 ^av; Rom 6:19 ^aw; 2 Cor 12:21 ^ax; Eph 5:3 ^ay; Col 3:5 ^az; 1 Thes 4:7 ^ba).
5:20 ^bb Idolatry, the worship of false gods, was common in Galatia and was often accompanied by sorcery (see Acts 19:19 ^bc; cp. 1 Sam 15:23 ^bd; Rev 9:21 ^be; 18:23 ^bf; 21:8 ^bg; 22:15 ^bh) and sexual immorality (cp. 1 Cor 6:9 ^bi, 15-20 ^bj).

• Hostility arises from angry pride rather than the Spirit’s humility and love (Gal 5:22-23 ^bk).

• Quarreling refers not to standing up for what is right, but to stirring up discord and looking for a fight (1 Cor 3:3 ^bl; 2 Cor 12:20 ^bm; 1 Tim 6:4 ^bn; Titus 3:9 ^bo). Those who are guided by the Holy Spirit seek to speak the truth in love with a peacemaking attitude (Gal 5:22 ^bp; Eph 4:15 ^bq; 2 Tim 2:23-26 ^br).

• Jealousy (Greek zēlos, “zeal”) has both a positive sense (“passionate commitment”) and, as here, a negative one (“intense desire for another’s things”); cp. Jas 3:14-16 ^bs.

• Outbursts of anger (or fits of rage) contrast with self-control (Gal 5:23 ^bt; see, e.g., Acts 19:28 ^bu; 2 Cor 12:20 ^bv; 1 Tim 3:3 ^bw; Titus 1:7 ^bx).

• Selfish ambition (or Selfishness) is the antithesis of Christian love (cp. Rom 2:8 ^by; Phil 2:3 ^bz; Jas 3:14 ^ca, 16 ^cb).

• Division (Greek haireseis, “heresies, factions, sects”) refers to people using differing beliefs or practices to divide the community (cp. 1 Cor 11:17-19 ^cc; 2 Pet 2:1-3 ^cd).
5:21 ^ce Drunkenness has no place in the Christian life (see Luke 21:34 ^cf; 1 Cor 11:20-22 ^cg; Eph 5:18 ^ch).

• wild parties: Festivals in honor of pagan gods were often accompanied by drunken orgies (cp. 1 Pet 4:3 ^ci).

• other sins like these: This list is only representative of the vices of the sinful nature (cp. Mark 7:20-23 ^cj; Rom 1:29-31 ^ck; 1 Cor 6:9-10 ^cl; Eph 5:3-5 ^cm; Col 3:5-8 ^cn; 1 Tim 1:9-10 ^co; 2 Tim 3:2-5 ^cp; Jas 3:13-18 ^cq; Rev 21:8 ^cr). People living that sort of life are not living by the Spirit, and thereby demonstrate no relationship with God by faith. Such people will not inherit the Kingdom of God: They are still slaves of their sinful nature (Gal 4:8-9 ^cs, 22-25 ^ct; cp. Rom 6:16-22 ^cu; 1 Cor 6:9-10 ^cv) and are not under God’s rule.
5:22 ^cw Unlike following the sinful nature (5:19-21 ^cx), letting the Holy Spirit guide (5:16 ^cy) produces a life pleasing to God, which human effort and the law cannot do (cp. John 15:1-8 ^cz).

• These virtues directly address the issues in the church of Galatia.

• love: The greatest Christian virtue encompasses all the others (1 Cor 13:4-7 ^da). Only the Spirit of God can produce in us love for those who hate us (Matt 5:43-48 ^db; Luke 6:35-36 ^dc).

• Joy produced by the Spirit does not depend on circumstances (Rom 15:13 ^dd; 2 Cor 6:10 ^de; 8:2 ^df; 1 Thes 1:6 ^dg).

• Peace with God creates internal well-being (Rom 5:1 ^dh; Eph 2:15 ^di; Phil 4:6-7 ^dj; Col 1:20 ^dk) that spills into our relationships with others so that we become peacemakers (Matt 5:9 ^dl; Rom 8:6 ^dm; 12:18 ^dn; 14:17-19 ^do; 2 Cor 13:11 ^dp; Eph 4:3 ^dq; 6:15 ^dr).

• Patience (or tolerance, or long-suffering) gives us forbearance toward other people and endurance under unfavorable circumstances (Eph 4:2 ^ds; 2 Tim 4:2 ^dt; Jas 5:10-11 ^du). God is patient with us (Exod 34:6 ^dv; Ps 103:8 ^dw; Rom 2:4 ^dx; 9:22 ^dy; 1 Tim 1:16 ^dz; 2 Pet 3:15 ^ea) and promises his presence with those who are patient with others (Isa 57:15 ^eb).

• Kindness connotes generosity, a giving spirit that reflects how God treats us (Rom 2:4 ^ec; 11:22 ^ed; Titus 3:4-6 ^ee).

• goodness: Cp. Rom 15:14 ^ef; Eph 5:9 ^eg; 2 Thes 1:11 ^eh.

• Faithfulness (or faith) means exercising good faith and fidelity in our relationships, just as God does with us (1 Cor 1:9 ^ei; 10:13 ^ej; 2 Thes 3:3 ^ek).
5:23 ^el Gentleness is antithetical to the vices of 5:20 ^em and requires strength (see Prov 15:1 ^en, 4 ^eo; Matt 11:28-29 ^ep; Eph 4:2 ^eq).

• self-control: The Holy Spirit does not give moral license but empowers people to avoid sin (cp. Gal 5:13 ^er; Rom 6:14-18 ^es; 1 Thes 4:3-7 ^et; 1 Pet 2:16 ^eu; see also Acts 24:25 ^ev; Titus 1:8 ^ew).

• There is no law against these things! Paul is stating the obvious, but also making the point that those who are virtuous by the Spirit do not need law to govern them.
5:24 ^ex Those who have faith in Christ are crucified with him (cp. 2:19-20 ^ey; Rom 6 ^ez) and become new people (Rom 6:1-2 ^fa; 2 Cor 5:17 ^fb; Col 3:5-15 ^fc): They have died to their sinful nature and to the law (Gal 2:19 ^fd; Rom 7:4-6 ^fe; 2 Cor 5:14 ^ff; Col 3:1-4 ^fg).

• passions and desires: As in 5:19-21 ^fh.
5:25 ^fi Christians do not live by the law but follow the Spirit’s leading.
5:26 ^fj The Galatian church was apparently having trouble with factions (see also study note on 5:20; cp. 1 Cor 3 ^fk) instead of following the Spirit’s leading.

‏ Galatians 6:1-10

Summary for Gal 6:1-10: 6:1-10 ^fl Living by the Spirit (5:13–6:10 ^fm) results in doing good (6:1-5 ^fn) and reaping rewards from one’s work (6:6-10 ^fo).
Summary for Gal 6:1-5: 6:1-5 ^fp Paul outlines how to treat other Christians with love when they sin. 6:1 ^fq Perhaps some of the Galatians were proud of their obedience to the law or their spiritual freedom and willpower. But those who are truly godly are not proud of their accomplishments but humbly help others.

• be careful: We are all susceptible to the same temptation to sin (Rom 3:9-20 ^fr).
6:2 ^fs Carrying each other’s burdens (6:1 ^ft) fulfills the law of Christ to love one another (5:13-14 ^fu; see also Lev 19:18 ^fv; Matt 22:36-40 ^fw; John 13:34 ^fx; 15:12 ^fy; 1 Jn 3:23 ^fz).
6:3 ^ga Those with a proud attitude wrongly assume they are too important to help the weak (see study note on 6:1).
6:4 ^gb Instead of regarding ourselves as better than others, we should examine our own work and ensure that we obey Christ in everything (cp. 1 Cor 3:12-15 ^gc).
6:5 ^gd If believers carry their own load (6:4 ^ge), they will have no occasion to treat a brother or sister with contempt (6:3 ^gf).
Summary for Gal 6:6-10: 6:6-10 ^gg In financially supporting those who teach them God’s message (6:6 ^gh), believers harvest a spiritual crop. 6:6 ^gi Supporting Christian teachers applies 5:13 ^gj and 6:2 ^gk (cp. 1 Tim 5:17-18 ^gl).
6:7 ^gm you cannot mock the justice of God: God cannot be fooled by spiritual pretenses. All people will harvest the consequences of their actions (what you plant; see also Job 4:8 ^gn; Ps 126:5 ^go; Prov 22:8 ^gp; Hos 8:7 ^gq; 10:12-15 ^gr; Luke 19:21-23 ^gs; 1 Cor 3:12-15 ^gt; 9:11 ^gu; 2 Cor 9:6 ^gv).
6:8 ^gw Living to please the Spirit is only possible in the Spirit’s power (3:3 ^gx; 5:16 ^gy). Those who trust in human effort and those who think they can do as they wish are in the same position: They live to satisfy their own sinful nature. Such people harvest decay and death. Those who live by the Spirit’s power and trust in God will harvest everlasting life.
6:9 ^gz Let’s not get tired: Either by letting sinful behavior creep in or by grasping for a legal code of conduct rather than being in step with the Spirit (5:25 ^ha).

• At just the right time we will reap: This assurance is a source of strength for Christians to continue doing good work (cp. Rom 8:28 ^hb).

• if we don’t give up: The fulfillment of God’s promises to believers requires their steadfast perseverance in faith (see also Luke 18:1 ^hc; 2 Cor 4:1 ^hd).
6:10 ^he Therefore: This statement forms an inclusio (bookends) for the section (5:13–6:10 ^hf) by stating the same theme as 5:13 ^hg: Freedom in the Spirit compels us to do good to others in love.

• Doing good to those in the family of faith demonstrates God’s faithfulness to his children: He provides for all their needs.