Isa 13:9-16 | TNotes

13:10 ^a Cosmic upheaval and darkness are common images for the day of the Lord, a time of God’s judgment (see also Ezek 32:7-8 ^b; Joel 2:10 ^c, 31 ^d; 3:15 ^e; Matt 24:29 ^f; Mark 13:24 ^g; Rev 6:12-13 ^h; 8:12 ⁱ; cp. Isa 30:26 ^j).
13:11 ^k punish the world: See Rev 20:11 ^l.
13:12 ^m Solomon’s imported gold came from Ophir (1 Kgs 9:28 ⁿ).
13:13 ^o God will shake the heavens. The earth will move: Cosmic upheaval will accompany God’s coming in judgment (see study note on 5:25; see also Hag 2:7 ^p, 21 ^q; Heb 12:26-27 ^r; Rev 16:17-18 ^s; 18:21-22 ^t).
13:16 ^u These terrible acts of war would be perpetrated against Babylon, itself a cruel conquering power (see also Ps 137:8-9 ^v; Jer 6:11-12 ^w; Nah 3:10 ^x).