a56:9–57:13
b56:9-12
c57:1-2
d57:3-13
e56:9
f56:10
g29:10
h56:11
iEzek 34:1-6
jIsa 40:11
k53:6
l33:15
m57:1-2
n57:1
o57:2
p57:21
q57:3
r1:21-23
s57:4
t57:1-2
u28:9
w57:5
x1:29-30
yPs 106:37-38
z57:6
aa57:8
ab57:11
ac8:12-13
ad57:12
ae59:16
af57:13
agPss 25:13
ah37:9
amMatt 5:5
anIsa 2:2
ao56:7

‏ Isaiah 56:9-12

Summary for Isa 56:9-57:13: 56:9–57:13  a This is a reflection on the prevalence of evil among God’s people; they were greedy (56:9-12  b), hostile to the righteous (57:1-2  c), and idolatrous (57:3-13  d). 56:9  e Wild animals are here a metaphor for the hostile nations surrounding Judah.
56:10  f The leaders of Israel failed to guide and protect God’s people from the sins that led to the Exile.

• sleeping and dreaming: See 29:10  g.
56:11  h ignorant shepherds: Israel’s leaders did not know how to rule in a godly way (see also Ezek 34:1-6  i). By contrast, the Lord is the faithful Shepherd of his people (Isa 40:11  j).

• all following their own path: They had no concern for God or his standards of godly leadership (see also 53:6  k).

• personal gain: Cp. 33:15  l.

‏ Isaiah 57:1-13

Summary for Isa 57:1-2: 57:1-2  m This is a lament for the righteous who suffer in a wicked society. 57:1  n the evil to come: Judgment that would come on the wicked nations.

• protecting them: At times, God allows the godly to die in order to protect them from harsher times to come.
57:2  o The wicked would not be able to rest in peace (57:21  p).
57:3  q witches’ children ... adulterers and prostitutes: Baal religion, which flourished in Israel before the Exile (see 1:21-23  r), included lewd sexual practices.
57:4  s mock ... sticking out your tongues: The wicked oppressed the righteous by their insults (57:1-2  t; see also 28:9  u, 14  v).
57:5  w beneath the oaks and under every green tree: Tree groves were commonly used as places of pagan worship (see 1:29-30  x).

• sacrifice your children: The horrible practice of child sacrifice was occasionally practiced in Israel (see Ps 106:37-38  y).
57:6  z Liquid offerings and grain offerings were believed to satisfy the basic needs of the gods and thus to earn their favor.
57:8  aa climbed into bed: The people of Israel had a sickening commitment to the fertility religions, which included sex as part of their rituals.
57:11  ab The people were living in fear of false gods instead of fearing the Lord (see 8:12-13  ac).
57:12  ad The Lord did not consider the people’s so-called good deeds (literally righteousness; see 59:16  ae) to be truly righteous.
57:13  af your idols ... fall over: See study note on 40:18.

• inherit the land: The Hebrew word translated land can also signify the whole earth (see Pss 25:13  ag; 37:9  ah, 11  ai, 22  aj, 29  ak, 34  al; Matt 5:5  am).

• my holy mountain: God’s servants will enjoy God’s presence in Zion (see Isa 2:2  an; 56:7  ao).
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