Jeremiah 31:31-40
31:31 a The day of the new covenant was realized when Jesus Christ accomplished his redemptive mission on earth (see Heb 8:8-12 b).Summary for Jer 31:32-34: 31:32-34 c The key difference between the new covenant and the one God made with their ancestors is that the Lord would write his instructions deep within his people’s hearts (see Heb 10:16 d). The old covenant was external and legal, whereas the new covenant would be a vital, person-to-person relationship. The new covenant would emphasize the redeeming, transforming change of an individual’s spiritual nature.
31:34 e The old covenant had to be taught (see Deut 6:4-9 f), but the heart of the new covenant would be an inner, personal relationship with the Lord.
• I will forgive: Each repentant believer would experience God’s forgiveness.
• I will never again remember: When sins are forgiven, they can never bring divine judgment (see Heb 10:17 g).
• Jesus’ death inaugurated the new covenant (see Matt 26:28 h; Mark 14:24 i; Luke 22:20 j; 1 Cor 11:25 k; 2 Cor 3:6 l; Heb 8 m; 9:15 n; 12:22-24 o).
Summary for Jer 31:35-37: 31:35-37 p The Lord compared his promise of the new covenant to his faithfulness in maintaining the laws of nature.
31:38 q The Lord revealed his plan for Jerusalem to be rebuilt. The Tower of Hananel stood at the northeast corner of the old city, while the Corner Gate had been at the northwest corner (2 Kgs 14:13 r; 2 Chr 26:9 s).
31:39 t Gareb and Goah do not appear elsewhere in Scripture, but they were probably on the west side of the city.
31:40 u Jerusalem will be an eternal holy ... city, present in the heavenly realm and on the new earth (Rev 21–22 v).
• The graveyard and ash dump were in the valley of Ben-Hinnom (see study note on Jer 7:30-34) on the south side of the city, and the Kidron Valley was on the east (2 Kgs 23:4-6 w).
• The exact location of the Horse Gate on the eastern wall is unknown.
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