a1:8
b1:9
cExod 29:38-41
dNum 28:2-8
e1:10
f1:12
g1:19-20
h1:13-14
i2:13

‏ Joel 1:8-13

1:8  a Weep like a bride (literally a virgin): Judah is compared to a young betrothed woman whose marriage is never consummated due to the death of her husband.
1:9  b The locust plague threatened the people of Judah with starvation and brought the regular daily animal sacrifices and offerings of grain and wine at the Temple in Jerusalem to a halt (cp. Exod 29:38-41  c; Num 28:2-8  d).
1:10  e The locusts destroyed the three essential staple crops of ancient Israel: grain . . . grapes and olive oil.
1:12  f Drought had intensified the devastation of the locust plague; everything had withered and dried up (see also 1:19-20  g). Spiritually, the people’s joy had dried up along with the fruit trees.
Summary for Joel 1:13-14: 1:13-14  h The priests were to lead all the people in public rites of mourning at the Temple. Their outward actions must be matched by authentic inward change (see 2:13  i).
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