Jos 16-17 | TNotes | STEP | Summary for Josh 16:1-17:18: 16:1–17:18 Joseph had two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim (Gen 41:50-52 ). Half of Manasseh’s descendants had received their inheritance east of the Jordan River. The tribe of Ephraim and the rest of the tribe of Manasseh now received their allotments. This brought the total number of allotments to twelve and fulfilled the blessing Jacob had pronounced upon Joseph (Gen 49:22-26 ). Like Judah in the south, Joseph’s tribes exercised leadership from their central position in the north. 16:1 Jericho was assigned to the tribe of Benjamin (18:21 ).

Summary for Josh 16:1-17:18: 16:1–17:18 ^a Joseph had two sons,Manasseh and Ephraim (Gen 41:50-52 ^b). Half of Manasseh’s descendants had received their inheritance east of the Jordan River. The tribe of Ephraim and the rest of the tribe of Manasseh now received their allotments. This brought the total number of allotments to twelve and fulfilled the blessing Jacob had pronounced upon Joseph (Gen 49:22-26 ^c). Like Judah in the south, Joseph’s tribes exercised leadership from their central position in the north. 16:1 ^d Jericho was assigned to the tribe of Benjamin (18:21 ^e).
16:3 ^f Ephraim’s border followed the ascent from lower to upper Beth-horon (see 16:5 ^g), giving this tribe control of one of the two main roads to Jerusalem from the west.

• Gezer, a large and important Canaanite town at the juncture of the coastal plain and the hill country, apparently did not come into Israel’s possession until the time of Solomon (see Judg 1:29 ^h; 1 Kgs 9:16 ⁱ).
Summary for Josh 16:5-8: 16:5-8 ^j This description of Ephraim’s northern boundary with Manasseh is general and incomplete. Because Shechem belonged to Manasseh, the border between the two tribes ran south of that town.

‏ Joshua 17

17:1 ^k See 13:29-33 ^l and study note.
Summary for Josh 17:3-6: 17:3-6 ^m In ancient Israel, inheritance usually passed from a father to his sons. Without sons, a man’s name could pass into oblivion. However, Zelophehad’s daughters had petitioned Moses, Moses had inquired of God, and God had ruled that they should inherit their father’s portion (see Num 27:1-11 ⁿ). God’s ruling established a general principle, declaring that no family would be excluded from a portion of God’s material blessings.
Summary for Josh 17:7-13: 17:7-13 ^o As with the tribe of Ephraim, Manasseh’s territory was defined by a general description of its borders. 17:7 ^p Asher was north-northwest of Manasseh, across the Jezreel Valley.
Summary for Josh 17:8-10: 17:8-10 ^q This general description of Manasseh’s southern border with the land given to the tribe of Ephraim provides more detail than the description of Ephraim’s northern border in 16:8 ^r.
Summary for Josh 17:11-13: 17:11-13 ^s All the towns mentioned here except Endor were important, but the military strength of the Canaanites prevented the tribe of Manasseh from inhabiting them for a time.
17:13 ^t Throughout the period of the judges and beyond, the Israelites gradually grew stronger and the Canaanite people weaker. After the time of Joshua, the Israelites forced the Canaanites to work as slaves. They eventually absorbed these people and were influenced to worship the Canaanite gods. This idolatry ultimately cost them the land.
17:14 ^u Joseph’s one portion is described in 16:1-4 ^v. The descendants of Ephraim and Manasseh received portions that, when combined, were larger than the allotment of any other tribe.
17:15 ^w The Perizzites lived in Canaan when Israel’s conquest began.

• Rephaites: See study note on 12:4; see also Deut 2:10-11 ^x, 20-21 ^y; 3:11 ^z.
17:16 ^aa As a result of the Canaanites’ iron chariots, Ephraim and Manasseh were restricted to the hill country in the early part of the settlement period (see study note on 11:4).

• The valley of Jezreel, a geological interruption of the hill country, separated Lower Galilee to the north from the hill country of Manasseh to the south. The Canaanites living in and near it and the valley of Beth-shan restricted Manasseh’s expansion and apparently Ephraim’s as well. Most of the towns named in 17:11 ^ab were on the edges of these valleys.
Summary for Josh 17:17-18: 17:17-18 ^ac Rather than rebuke the people for their fear, Joshua repeated his instructions to clear forest land for settlement. His promise that the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh would eventually drive out the Canaanites gave them a hope by which they could enlarge their faith and conquer their fear.

• Much of the hill country was forested, and Canaanite settlement was sparse there. If Ephraim and Manasseh had contented themselves with land already cleared, they would have had little room for settlement. With the introduction of iron technology at about this time, including iron axe heads, the people of these tribes could clear the virgin forests and open up new land for settlement. Joshua might have set an example by being the first to clear his own homestead at Timnath-serah (19:50 ^ad), a forested region in the Ephraimite hill country.