a19:28-40
bZech 9:9-10
c19:29
dJohn 11:1
f12:1
gLuke 10:38
hActs 1:11
iZech 14:4
j19:30
kZech 9:9-10
l19:31
m1 Sam 8:16
n19:36
o2 Kgs 9:13
p19:38
qPss 118:26
r148:1
sPsalm 118
tPss 113–118
uLuke 2:14
v12:51-53
w19:41-44
x19:40
yIsa 55:12
zHab 2:11
aa19:42
ab19:43-44
ac19:45-48
adMal 3:1
ae19:41-44
af19:45
agMatt 21:12
ahMark 11:15
aiExod 30:13-16
ajNeh 10:32-33
ak19:47

‏ Luke 19:28-48

Summary for Luke 19:28-40: 19:28-40  a Jesus’ triumphant entry into Jerusalem fulfilled Zech 9:9-10  b and symbolically announced that he was the Messiah, the King of Israel.
19:29  c Bethany was on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, two miles east of Jerusalem; it was the home of Lazarus and his sisters, Mary and Martha (John 11:1  d, 18  e; 12:1  f; see Luke 10:38  g). The location of Bethphage is uncertain, but it was probably near Bethany on the same road from Jericho.

• The Mount of Olives overlooks Jerusalem from the east and has significance at the return of Christ (see Acts 1:11  h; Zech 14:4  i).
19:30  j you will see a young donkey: It is unclear whether Jesus had arranged for the donkey ahead of time, or whether he used divine insight. Either way, Jesus’ entrance into Jerusalem was a symbolic action. He rode a humble donkey rather than a war horse to confirm that he was fulfilling the role of the Messiah by bringing reconciliation and peace (Zech 9:9-10  k).
19:31  l The Lord needs it: Subjects of a king were expected to make resources available for his use (see 1 Sam 8:16  m). The donkey’s colt had never been ridden, so it was pure and suitable for a king.
19:36  n The crowds spread out their garments to show honor and homage to this royal figure (see 2 Kgs 9:13  o).
19:38  p Blessings on the King ... glory in highest heaven! See Pss 118:26  q; 148:1  r. Psalm 118  s was one of the psalms sung by pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem for one of the festivals (Pss 113–118  t).

• Jesus brought peace in heaven—reconciliation between God and human beings—but peace on earth awaits the future (cp. Luke 2:14  u; see 12:51-53  v; 19:41-44  w).
19:40  x Compare Isa 55:12  y, in which nature is said to rejoice at the coming of God’s salvation, and Hab 2:11  z, in which the stones of the walls cry out against Babylon.
19:42  aa now it is too late: Israel’s rejection of Jesus was irrevocable.
Summary for Luke 19:43-44: 19:43-44  ab Jesus foretold the siege and destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70. The Jewish historian Josephus describes the horrific suffering of the inhabitants of Jerusalem during the Roman siege (War 5.1.1–7.1.1).

• will not leave a single stone in place: This is an image of total devastation.
Summary for Luke 19:45-48: 19:45-48  ac Having just entered Jerusalem as the Messiah, Jesus performed a messianic action (cp. Mal 3:1  ad) by driving money changers and merchants selling animals for sacrifices out of the Temple. This cleansing was to restore true worship to the Temple. It was also symbolic of the judgment that Jesus had just pronounced against Israel (19:41-44  ae). 19:45  af Pilgrims coming to worship at the Temple would purchase animals for sacrifices in the Temple courts. Jesus also drove out the money changers who provided the correct currency for the Temple tax (Matt 21:12  ag; Mark 11:15  ah; see Exod 30:13-16  ai; Neh 10:32-33  aj). While these were necessary services, Jesus objected to the exploitation of the Temple for illicit commercial gain that distracted from its purpose as a place of worship. The Temple was meant to reflect God’s glory for all nations, but it had become corrupt.
19:47  ak The clearing of the Temple catalyzed the opposition and precipitated Jesus’ crucifixion (but see study note on Mark 11:12-25).

• Jesus’ opposition in Galilee came mainly from the Pharisees and teachers of religious law; in Jerusalem, the opposition also included the leading priests, who controlled the Temple. Jesus’ actions against the Temple trade threatened their authority.
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