Luk 22:7-38 | TNotes | STEP | Summary for Luke 22:7-30: 22:7-30 Jesus celebrated the traditional Jewish Passover but transformed it with reference to his own sacrificial death as the Passover lamb . He also prepared his disciples for his coming death and the leadership role they would assume over his church. 22:7 The Passover lamb was sacrificed at twilight, and Passover was celebrated in the evening (see Exod 12:6-8 ).

Summary for Luke 22:7-30: 22:7-30 ^a Jesus celebrated the traditional Jewish Passover but transformed it with reference to his own sacrificial death as the Passover lamb. He also prepared his disciples for his coming death and the leadership role they would assume over his church. 22:7 ^b The Passover lamb was sacrificed at twilight, and Passover was celebrated in the evening (see Exod 12:6-8 ^c).
22:8 ^d Go and prepare the Passover meal: The lamb was roasted and eaten with bitter herbs and unleavened bread at the Passover meal (Exod 12:8 ^e; Num 9:11-12 ^f; Deut 16:3 ^g). The bitter herbs represented the bitterness of the Israelites’ slavery in Egypt, and the unleavened bread recalled their haste in leaving Egypt.
22:10 ^h A man carrying a pitcher of water would have been an unusual sight, because women normally carried the water.
Summary for Luke 22:11-12: 22:11-12 ⁱ The text does not say whether Jesus exhibited supernatural foreknowledge or whether he had made arrangements for this room ahead of time (see also 19:30-34 ^j).
22:14 ^k sat down together at the table (or reclined together): The Jewish people followed Hellenistic practice at banquets by reclining on couches (see study note on John 13:23).
22:15 ^l Jesus ate the Passover meal with his disciples and followed the ritual order of the Passover celebration (see study note on Matt 26:26-29).
22:16 ^m until its meaning is fulfilled in the Kingdom of God: This celebration had as its goal the messianic banquet (see 14:1-24 ⁿ). Jesus’ death as the true Passover lamb (1 Cor 5:7 ^o) inaugurated the Kingdom of God that will be completed at Jesus’ second coming.
22:17 ^p he took a cup of wine: The traditional Passover celebration used four cups of wine—at the opening benediction, after the Passover explanation, after the meal, and after a concluding psalm. This was probably the first cup that introduced the ceremony.
Summary for Luke 22:19-20: 22:19-20 ^q Using the bread and cup as symbols of his body and blood, Jesus instituted the communion service that the disciples were to practice in remembrance of his death.

• This is my body, which is given for you: The unleavened bread of the Passover symbolized Jesus’ death as the Passover lamb. His death would pay for the sins of the world (cp. 1 Cor 11:24-25 ^r).
22:20 ^s God’s covenants in the Old Testament were confirmed with the blood of a sacrifice (Gen 15:9-10 ^t; Exod 24:8 ^u). Jesus’ death established the new covenant that God had promised his people (Jer 31:31-34 ^v).
Summary for Luke 22:21-22: 22:21-22 ^w it has been determined: Though wicked men betrayed and killed Jesus, it was part of God’s sovereign plan to accomplish salvation (see Acts 2:23 ^x).
22:22 ^y what sorrow awaits the one who betrays him: Judas suffered guilt, condemnation, and a gruesome death for betraying Jesus (Matt 27:5 ^z; Acts 1:18 ^aa).
22:24 ^ab who would be the greatest among them: See also Mark 9:33-37 ^ac; 10:35-45 ^ad.
22:25 ^ae friends of the people: This translates a Greek word that refers to the practice of rulers bestowing gifts and favors on their subjects to gain loyalty and honor. Jesus contrasted the world’s leadership style—military power, coercion, and bribery—with his own servant leadership in sacrificing himself for others.
22:27 ^af For I am among you as one who serves: Jesus defined true leadership as service—meeting the needs of others and empowering them to be all that God has called them to be (see Mark 10:45 ^ag). This statement was striking in a culture for which status and power were central.
Summary for Luke 22:29-30: 22:29-30 ^ah I now grant you the right to eat and drink at my table: See thematic note for The Messianic Banquet at end of chapter.
22:30 ^ai you will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel: This could be a figurative reference to the apostles’ leadership in the church, or it could indicate their special role in the future when the Kingdom would be consummated on earth (cp. Eph 2:20 ^aj; Rev 3:21 ^ak; 20:4 ^al).
22:31 ^am Regarding Satan, see 4:2 ^an; 10:18 ^ao; 11:15 ^ap. Satan is the accuser of God’s people (see Job 1:7 ^aq; 2:2 ^ar); he would test Simon Peter and the rest of the apostles.

• asked to sift: Wheat was sifted through a sieve to separate the grain from the chaff. It is an image of extreme testing (see Isa 30:28 ^as; Amos 9:9 ^at).

• The NLT’s each of you is precise, because the Greek you is plural, referring to all the disciples. Jesus foresaw Peter’s denial and the trials of the other disciples.
22:32 ^au So when you have repented: This you is singular; it refers to Peter’s restoration after his denial of Jesus.
22:33 ^av See Acts 4:3 ^aw; 5:18 ^ax; 12:1-9 ^ay, where Peter suffered trials and was repeatedly jailed. Church tradition relates that Peter was crucified in Rome, but his declaration of loyalty here was premature.
22:34 ^az On Thursday evening, Jesus said that Peter would deny him before the rooster crows tomorrow morning (literally before the rooster crows today): This does not contradict Mark’s “this very night, before the rooster crows twice” (Mark 14:30 ^ba); Luke and Matthew are simply more general, and in Jewish reckoning, sunset was the beginning of the next day.
22:36 ^bb take your money and a traveler’s bag: For their missions to Israel’s villages, the apostles had traveled without provisions and depended on others’ support (9:3 ^bc; 10:3-4 ^bd). In the dangerous days to come, they would have to plan more carefully. Jesus prepared his disciples for his suffering and death, and also for the establishing of the church and the worldwide proclamation of the Good News.

• a sword: Jesus was probably not telling his followers to take up arms, but was speaking metaphorically—they must prepare themselves for a violent crisis.
22:38 ^be That’s enough: The disciples’ two swords were probably not enough to defend the whole group, and Jesus elsewhere rejected violence (22:49-51 ^bf // Matt 26:52 ^bg). Jesus might have meant that two swords were sufficient to fulfill Isa 53:12 ^bh. Or perhaps he meant, “Enough of this foolish talk—you are misunderstanding me.”