Matthew 10:2-4
Summary for Matt 10:2-4: 10:2-4 a The four lists of the apostles (see also Mark 3:16-19 b; Luke 6:14-16 c; Acts 1:13 d) are all different, although the differences are minimal. The order within each list varies slightly, but only the names Thaddaeus (10:3 e; Mark 3:18 f) and Judas son of James (Luke 6:16 g; Acts 1:13 h) differ. They might be two names for the same man. 10:2 i The apostles are ambassadors or messengers, authorized and sent by an authority to represent and accomplish prescribed tasks (see 10:1-8 j, 40 k; 28:16-20 l). The term is also used for Paul (Gal 1:1 m).• first, Simon (also called Peter): Peter had priority in time (Matt 4:18-22 n; 16:17-19 o) and position as the representative leader of the apostles (see 19:27 p; 26:33 q; Acts 2:14 r).
10:3 s Matthew (the tax collector) (see 9:9 t) is also called Levi (Mark 2:14 u).
10:4 v the zealot: Zealots were militant Jews who thought violence and war were capable of accomplishing the will of God. As a Jewish nationalist, Simon was probably zealous for the law (Acts 22:3-5 w; Gal 1:14 x; Phil 3:6 y). Josephus blamed the Zealot party for the great war with Rome in AD 66–70.
• Iscariot might refer to someone from Kerioth in southern Judea (Josh 15:25 z) or from Kerioth in Perea (Jer 48:24 aa).
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