a3:18
b3:2
c3:19
d1 Cor 1:23
eRom 9:33
f1 Pet 2:8

‏ Philippians 3:18

3:18  a The identity of the enemies is not known; they might have been (1) Jews or Jewish Christians proud of their circumcision (as in 3:2  b), whose emphasis on observant Judaism contradicted the cross of Christ; (2) pseudo-believers living a worldly, immoral life (cp. 3:19  c); or (3) professing believers who had rejected Paul’s cross-centered view of the Good News. Christ’s crucifixion as a criminal was scandalous and offensive to many (see 1 Cor 1:23  d; cp. Rom 9:33  e; 1 Pet 2:8  f).
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