Revelation of John 13:13-17
Summary for Rev 13:13-15: 13:13-15 a In New Testament times, false prophets astounded people with reports of divine visitations and of idols speaking for the gods they represented (see Acts 16:16-18 b; 1 Cor 12:2-3 c). Such practices involved worship of demons (see 1 Cor 10:20-21 d) and were epitomized in the Roman emperor cult. Those who refused to conform were put to death.Summary for Rev 13:14-15: 13:14-15 e he was allowed. ... He was then permitted: God never relinquishes ultimate authority. These creatures of evil have been allowed to rebel against God, but they are not in control.
Summary for Rev 13:16-17: 13:16-17 f small and great, rich and poor, free and slave: All humanity is required to accept the beast’s evil mark of ownership (see 14:9 g, 11 h; 19:20 i; 20:4 j), a precondition for all commerce (the right to buy or sell). The text does not explicitly tell us what the mark is or looks like.
• On the right hand or on the forehead suggests the branding of slaves—the beast owns them.
• the number representing his name: In both Hebrew and Greek, letters of the alphabet represent numbers, which gave names a numerical value (13:18 k).
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